Futures of Tropical Forests (<i>sensu lato</i>)

Putz, Francis E.; Romero, Claudia

doi:10.1111/btp.12124

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted that this statement is based on a definition of ''forest cover'' which includes both native forest and plantations of exotic tree species (FAO 2010). The inclusion of such exotic tree plantations in the definition of ''forest'' has been questioned (Sasaki and Putz 2009;Putz and Redford 2010), mainly because of the detrimental effects that they have on biodiversity conservation (Putz and Romero 2014) and the provision of ecosystem services Lara et al 2009Lara et al , 2011Nahuelhual et al Fig. 4 Relationship between proportion of total native forest loss as a function to which LULC changed with a latitude, and b species richness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

et al. 2016

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The understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns in land use and land cover (LULC) change is a key issue for conservation efforts. In the Chilean hotspot, different studies have attempted to understand variations of LULC change. Nevertheless, a broader understanding of common patterns and variability of LULC over the entire range of the hotspot is lacking. We performed a complete review of the different studies reporting LULC changes and performed a joint analysis of their results using an integrated comprehensive approach. We related the variation of LULC change to latitude, time period and vascular plant richness using generalized linear models. Overall, there were nine studies, which covered 36.5 % of the study area, and reported the loss of 19 % of native forest (782,120 ha) between 1973 and 2011. The highest net forest loss was observed in the period. This decreased in the 1990-2000 period and rose again in the 2000-2010 period. This result reveals a continuous forest loss in the last 40 years. Conversion of native forest to shrublands is the most important contributor to net native forest loss, accounting for 45 % of the loss. However, in the area of greatest species richness native forests are mainly converted to exotic tree plantations. Chilean forestry model has proved successful in expanding exotic tree plantation, but so far it has not been compatible with native forest conservation and restoration. It is imperative to design a new forestry policy to assure the conservation of one of the most unique biodiversity hotspots worldwide.Keywords Land use and land cover change Á Remote sensing Á Temperate forest Á Deforestation Á Exotic tree plantation Editor: Wolfgang Cramer.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

et al. 2016

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“…To maintain the high rates of timber stock increments observed after the first liberation treatment, additional liberation treatments may be required if, as in other forests, the benefits last less than a decade (Wadsworth & Zweede, ). Multiple liberation treatments may slowly transform these forests, from uneven‐aged, high species diversity stands into more homogeneous and otherwise plantation‐like stands, with concomitant losses in biodiversity (Putz & Romero, ). If increased yields through management intensification in suitable stands allow other, more environmentally sensitive or valuable lands to be spared from such treatments, then there could be overall landscape gains for biodiversity and other nontimber values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Multiple liberation treatments may slowly transform these forests, from unevenaged, high species diversity stands into more homogeneous and otherwise plantation-like stands, with concomitant losses in biodiversity(Putz & Romero, 2014). If increased yields through management intensification in suitable stands allow other, more environmentally sensitive or valuable lands to be spared from such treatments, then there could be overall landscape gains for biodiversity and other nontimber values.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trade‐offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity

Roopsind

Caughlin

Hout³

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Forest degradation accounts for ~70% of total carbon losses from tropical forests. Substantial emissions are from selective logging, a land-use activity that decreases forest carbon density. To maintain carbon values in selectively logged forests, climate change mitigation policies and government agencies promote the adoption of reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. However, whether RIL will maintain both carbon and timber values in managed tropical forests over time remains uncertain. In this study, we quantify the recovery of timber stocks and aboveground carbon at an experimental site where forests were subjected to different intensities of RIL (4, 8, and 16 trees/ha). Our census data span 20 years postlogging and 17 years after the liberation of future crop trees from competition in a tropical forest on the Guiana Shield, a globally important forest carbon reservoir. We model recovery of timber and carbon with a breakpoint regression that allowed us to capture elevated tree mortality immediately after logging. Recovery rates of timber and carbon were governed by the presence of residual trees (i.e., trees that persisted through the first harvest). The liberation treatment stimulated faster recovery of timber albeit at a carbon cost. Model results suggest a threshold logging intensity beyond which forests managed for timber and carbon derive few benefits from RIL, with recruitment and residual growth not sufficient to offset losses. Inclusion of the breakpoint at which carbon and timber gains outpaced postlogging mortality led to high predictive accuracy, including out-of-sample R values >90%, and enabled inference on demographic changes postlogging. Our modeling framework is broadly applicable to studies that aim to quantify impacts of logging on forest recovery. Overall, we demonstrate that initial mortality drives variation in recovery rates, that the second harvest depends on old growth wood, and that timber intensification lowers carbon stocks.

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“…However, these are often poorly appreciated because the forest-transition literature addresses changes to overall forest cover, and ignores ecologically important characteristics such as forest age, species composition, vertical structure, or all but the most severe levels of degradation (Lund 2009, FAO 2011, Hansen et al 2014, Putz and Romero 2014, Tropek et al 2014, but see Kauppi et al 2006). Different types and ages of forests are Ecology and Society 22(4): 38 https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss4/art38/ known to support different types of species, biodiversity, biomass, and other structural and functional features (Bhagwat et al 2008, Dent and Wright 2009, Klanderud et al 2010, Chai and Tanner 2011, Martin et al 2013, Putz and Romero 2014. However, forest transition theory fails to systematically account for biophysical differences in forest types and dynamics, including the amount and distribution of primary forest remaining at the inflection point, the rate and extent of forest recovery, and the types of resulting new forests (Perz 2007).…”

Section: Ecological Outcomes Of Forest Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest ecosystem-service transitions: the ecological dimensions of the forest transition

Wilson¹,

Schelhas²,

Grau³

et al. 2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. New forests are expanding around the world. In many regions, regrowth rates are surpassing deforestation rates, resulting in "forest transitions," or net gains in forest cover. Typically measured only in terms of aggregate"'forest cover" change, these new forests are ecologically distinct from each other and from those originally cleared. We ask, what are the ecological attributes, goods, and services we might expect from different pathways of forest recovery? To address this question, we proposed a typology of forest transitions that reflects both their social drivers and ecological outcomes: tree plantation, spontaneous regeneration, and agroforestry transitions. Using case studies, we illustrate how the ecological outcomes of each transition type differ and change over time. We mapped the global distribution of forest-transition types to identify global epicenters of each, and found that spontaneous transitions are most common globally, especially in Latin America; agroforestry transitions predominate in Europe and Central America; and plantation transitions occur in parts of Europe and Asia. We proposed a conceptual framework to understand and compare the ecological services arising from different types of forest transitions over time: forest ecosystem-service transition curves. This framework illustrates that carbon sequestration tends to be comparatively lower in agroforestry transitions, and biodiversity recovery is lower in industrial plantations. Spontaneously regenerating forests tend to have relatively high biodiversity and biomass but provide fewer provisioning and economically valuable services. This framework captures the dynamism that we observe in forest transitions, thus illustrating that different social drivers produce different types of ecosystem-service transitions, and that as secondary forests grow, these services will change over time at rates that differ among transition types. Ultimately, this framework can guide future research, describe actual and potential changes in ecosystem services associated with different types of transitions, and promote management plans that incorporate forest cover changes with the services and benefits they provide.

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Futures of Tropical Forests (sensu lato)

Cited by 37 publications

References 96 publications

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

Native forest loss in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot: revealing the evidence

Trade‐offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity

Forest ecosystem-service transitions: the ecological dimensions of the forest transition

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