Future Trends of Bioinspired Smell and Taste Sensors

Abstract

Anosmia and ageusia are both harmful to the quality of life. However, the common view of anosmia and ageusia as trivial can make it more difficult for a patient to receive the same types of medical aid as someone who has lost other senses, such as sight or hearing. In order to achieve those goals, electronic noses and electronic tongue should be designed to mimic human's sense rather than outputting electrical parameters only. Unfortunately, most commercial electronic noses (PEN3, zNose) detect volatile compounds in samples [1]. But for human beings, our nose can determine whether the sample is fragrant or not instead of determining what compounds are in the sample.For human beings, the sense of taste consists of five basic tastes including sourness, saltiness, umami, bitterness, and sweetness [2]. When tasting a food or beverage, a human perceives each type of taste on sensory organs called taste buds on the tongue. Taste buds are composed of approximately 50-100 cells. Many kinds of gustatory receptors present in gustatory cells. Each gustatory receptor receives multiple chemical substances constituting a single taste. Namely, gustatory receptors exhibit semi-selectivity rather than rigid and high selectivity. While those researches on the molecular and cellular biology of taste reception has been

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“…A schematic diagram illustrating E-nose and E-tongue in comparison with biological noses and tongue is shown in Figure 9. An E-nose or E-tongue system is composed of two main components: a sensing system and a signal processing system [132]. The most commonly used sensors in E-nose include metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, conducting polymer (CP) sensors, optical sensors, and piezoelectric sensors [132].…”

“…An E-nose or E-tongue system is composed of two main components: a sensing system and a signal processing system [132]. The most commonly used sensors in E-nose include metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, conducting polymer (CP) sensors, optical sensors, and piezoelectric sensors [132]. The most commonly used sensors in E-tongue include electrochemical (potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, impedimetric, and conductimetric), optical, mass, and enzymatic sensors (biosensors) [49,132].…”

“…The most commonly used sensors in E-nose include metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, conducting polymer (CP) sensors, optical sensors, and piezoelectric sensors [132]. The most commonly used sensors in E-tongue include electrochemical (potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, impedimetric, and conductimetric), optical, mass, and enzymatic sensors (biosensors) [49,132]. Fundamentals of different types of sensors for E-nose and E-tongue are explicitly explained by Wang et al [132].…”

“…The most commonly used sensors in E-tongue include electrochemical (potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, impedimetric, and conductimetric), optical, mass, and enzymatic sensors (biosensors) [49,132]. Fundamentals of different types of sensors for E-nose and E-tongue are explicitly explained by Wang et al [132]. In the process of detection, reversible physicochemical changes to the sensing materials are triggered and electrical properties such as resistance and electrical potential will change [128].…”