Future Technology Mix—Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) and Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)—An Overview of Selected Projects as an Example for Future Investments in Poland

Sowiżdżał, Anna; Starczewska, Magdalena; Papiernik, Bartosz

doi:10.3390/en15103505

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…이산화탄소 저감을 위한 기술 중 최근 가장 많은 주목을 받는 기술은 탄소 포집• 저장•이용(carbon capture, utilization & storage; CCUS) 기술이다 [3]. CCUS 기술은 상당한 양의 이산화탄소를 저감할 수 있는 현실적인 방안으로 평가받고 있으며, 이에 국내뿐만 아니라 세계적으로도 다양한 연구개발 및 사업이 진행되고 있다 [4]. 특히 탄산화 기술은 칼슘 또는 마그네슘 등을 포함하는 알칼리 금속산화물과 이산화탄소를 반응시켜 안정한 구조인 탄산염을 생성하는 것으로(식 1-4) [5], 생성물인 탄산염은 열역학적으로 안정적이기 때문에 장기적인 격리가 가능해 대기로 이산화탄소가 누출되지 않는다는 장점이 있다 [6].…”

Section: 서론unclassified

Effect on Si/Al ratio of Zeolite for the Removal of Calcium Ion in Aqueous Phase

Jeong¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2023

APJCRI

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Cement kiln dust (CKD) is a byproduct of cement production, which accounts for about 15-20% of cement production. Currently, CKD is being disposed of by incineration, but research on using CKD for carbon dioxide reduction is increasing. However, the major problem with this process is the presence of calcium ions in CKD. Trace amounts of calcium ions in a high concentration potassium chloride solution during the process can cause problems. In this study, we aimed to remove calcium ions in the solution using zeolite, an effective method for calcium ion removal. To enhance its performance, we modified 13X zeolite through alumination and dealumination methods to control the Si/Al ratio, and compared their calcium ion removal efficiency. Alumination (conditions: 70 ℃, 0.1 M NaAlO2) showed the best performance, with a calcium ion removal efficiency of 95.77%, which was about 6% higher than that of unmodified zeolite. On the other hand, the dealumination-modified zeolite showed a performance decrease of about 73% compared to unmodified zeolite. The structure, specific surface area, acidity, and Si/Al ratio of the modified zeolites were characterized by XRD, BET, FT-IR, and ICP analyses, and the Si/Al ratio was identified as the main factor affecting the calcium ion removal efficiency.

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Section: 서론unclassified

Effect on Si/Al ratio of Zeolite for the Removal of Calcium Ion in Aqueous Phase

Jeong¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

2023

APJCRI

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“…Deep saltwater aquifer CO 2 injection has little economic value (net cost), and newer experiments have revealed problems with injectivity and caused seismicity. The current capacity of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies stands at 111 mtpa [1], but this capacity should be increased by 100-fold by 2040 to achieve the recommended global two-degree scenario' (2DS). CO 2 contributes to 77% of GHGs, making it the main gas that requires reduction to achieve the claimed 2DS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Recent Advancement of Bioconversion of Carbon Dioxide to Added Value Products: A State of the Art

2023

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Excessive dependence on fossil fuels increases GHG emissions and carbon levels in the atmosphere, leading to climatic changes. This phenomenon can be reversed by capturing the carbon via “carbon capture and storage” (CCS) or “carbon capture and utilize” (CCU) technologies. In CCS methods, the captured carbon is stored in natural sinks (e.g., oceans), whereas, in CCU methods, the carbon is converted into useful products. Among CCU methods, the biological conversion of CO2 (BioConCO2) into value-added chemicals has gained great attention. This review focuses on providing an overview of the recent advances in CO2 utilization technology with a focus on the BioConCO2. The theoretical background and technical drivers, challenges, and setbacks of upscaling and commercialization of BioConCO2 are critically discussed with implications for future improvements. The BioConCO2 is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers and industrialists for its capacity to operate under low CO2 concentrations and in the presence of impurities (common conditions in industrial flue gases)—among other numerous advantages. While upscaling algae-based BioConCO2 has operational and financial challenges, bioconversion via bacteria and genetically engineered cyanobacterial seems promising due to their efficiency and flexibility.

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“…The project was terminated due to financial reasons. Despite that, some key flow and borehole tests were carried out and the results may be used for future research [10]. Therefore, currently, there is no sCO 2 -EGS project operating and, thus, the available data are limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Polish and Norwegian Cases

Strojny,

Gładysz,

Andresen

et al. 2024

Energies

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Low-carbon electricity and heat production is essential for keeping the decarbonization targets and climate mitigation goals. Thus, an accurate understanding of the potential environmental impacts constitutes a key aspect not only for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions but also for other environmental categories. Life cycle assessment allows us to conduct an overall evaluation of a given process or system through its whole lifetime across various environmental indicators. This study focused on construction, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life phases, which were analyzed based on the ReCiPe 2016 method. Within this work, authors assessed the environmental performance of one of the renewable energy sources—Enhanced Geothermal Systems, which utilize supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid to produce electricity and heat. Heat for the process is extracted from hot, dry rocks, typically located at depths of approximately 4–5 km, and requires appropriate stimulation to enable fluid flow. Consequently, drilling and site preparation entail significant energy and material inputs. This stage, based on conducted calculations, exhibits the highest global warming potential, with values between 5.2 and 30.1 kgCO2eq/MWhel, corresponding to approximately 65%, 86%, and 94% in terms of overall impacts for ecosystems, human health, and resources categories, respectively. Moreover, the study authors compared the EGS impacts for the Polish and Norwegian conditions. Obtained results indicated that due to much higher electricity output from the Norwegian plant, which is sited offshore, the environmental influence remains the lowest, at a level of 11.9 kgCO2eq/MWhel. Polish cases range between 38.7 and 54.1 kgCO2eq/MWhel of global warming potential in terms of electricity production. Regarding power generation only, the impacts in the case of the Norwegian facility are two to five times lower than for the installation in the Polish conditions.

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Future Technology Mix—Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) and Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)—An Overview of Selected Projects as an Example for Future Investments in Poland

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Effect on Si/Al ratio of Zeolite for the Removal of Calcium Ion in Aqueous Phase

Effect on Si/Al ratio of Zeolite for the Removal of Calcium Ion in Aqueous Phase

A Review of the Recent Advancement of Bioconversion of Carbon Dioxide to Added Value Products: A State of the Art

Environmental Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Polish and Norwegian Cases

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