Future potential for lithium-sulfur batteries

Synthesis of an Advanced Sulfur Cathode with a Porous Graphitic C/Fe3C Electrocatalyst and Three-Dimensional Current Collector for Li–S Batteries

“…The narrow scan of the C 1s XPS spectrum was deconvoluted into sp 2 C�C, sp 3 C−C, and C−O bonds of carbon present in the C/Fe 3 C composite, as shown in Figure S2b of the Supporting Information. The highest intensity was observed for sp 2 C�C, indicating that a significant portion of the carbon atoms in the C/Fe 3 C composite are arranged in a hexagonal or honeycomb lattice of graphitic carbon. This finding is in good agreement with the results obtained from Raman spectroscopy.…”

“…The future of the sustainable green energy supply heavily relies on integrating renewable energy sources with energy-storage systems . Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been regarded as the most promising candidate for next-generation energy-storage systems owing to many advantages of elemental sulfur, such as high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g –1 ), non-toxicity, and low cost. , However, these batteries remain unsuitable for practical applications as a result of several technical challenges. The known challenges include dissolution and shuttling of polysulfide intermediates (Li 2 S x , with 4 ≤ x ≤ 8) in liquid electrolytes, substantial volume variation of sulfur (∼80%) upon lithiation, and the insulating nature of end redox products (S for charge and Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S for discharge). , These issues lead to the unsatisfactory utilization of sulfur, coulombic inefficiency, continuous depletion of active mass, and destabilization of the interfaces.…”

Advances and prospects of porphyrin derivatives in the energy field

“…Nakamura et al introduced the reaction principle of Li-S batteries and reviewed the challenges these batteries faced in commercializing. 109 At present, the most intensively studied carbon-supported single-atom catalysts in Li-S batteries are porphyrins with metal-nitrogen structures. 110 Quan et al used the H 2 TCPP molecule unit as an active site and graed it onto conductive and exible polypyrrole linkers via an amidation reaction to form a semi-immobilized electrocatalyst (G@ppy-Por) for accelerating the reaction kinetics of sulfur and regulating the multiple opposite reduction reactions (Fig.…”

Nitro-functionalized Fe-MOFs for lithium-sulfur batteries

“…To overcome this challenge, much of the typical research has focused on the development of sulfur carriers, such as porous carbon [8,9], graphene-derived materials [10], conducting polymers [11], and transition metal oxides [12,13]. Lithium-sulfur batteries have trouble holding on to polysul des because of the typical emphasis on the cathode [14][15][16][17]. The constant breakdown of sulfur in the electrolyte and the subsequent decline in critical capacity are inevitabilities over time, particularly over extended cycles [18][19][20].…”