Future of circulating tumor cells in the melanoma clinical and research laboratory settings

Souza, Luisa De; Robertson, Bailey M.; Robertson, Gavin P.

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.023

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…To collect sufficient CTCs from clinical samples for research purposes is still currently difficult (Warkiani et al., ). It is estimated that among 4 × 10 6 melanoma CTCs disseminated from primary sites daily, only one to three cells retain viability under the pressure of starvation, shear stress, and immune surveillance (De Souza, Robertson, & Robertson, ; Mumford & Robertson, ). The number of melanoma CTCs correlates with the stage of the disease and can be used as a prognostic marker (De Souza et al., ; Mumford & Robertson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that among 4 × 10 6 melanoma CTCs disseminated from primary sites daily, only one to three cells retain viability under the pressure of starvation, shear stress, and immune surveillance (De Souza, Robertson, & Robertson, ; Mumford & Robertson, ). The number of melanoma CTCs correlates with the stage of the disease and can be used as a prognostic marker (De Souza et al., ; Mumford & Robertson, ). Clearly, CTCs are the precursors of metastasis and therapeutic approaches to reduce the number of these cells could also decrease metastases and would be an important part of any successful therapeutic regimen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis

Chen

Gowda

Newswanger

et al. 2017

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Despite recent breakthroughs in targeted- and immune-based therapies, rapid development of drug resistance remains a hurdle for the long-term treatment of patients with melanoma. Targeting metastatically spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an additional approach to manage melanoma. This study investigates whether targeting cholesterol transport in melanoma CTCs can retard metastasis development. Nanolipolee-007, the liposomal form of leelamine, reduced melanoma metastasis in both a novel in vitro flow system mimicking the circulating system and in experimental as well as spontaneous animal metastasis models, irrespective of the BRAF mutational status of the CTCs. Leelamine led to cholesterol trapping in lysosomes, which subsequently shut down receptor-mediated endocytosis, endosome trafficking, and inhibited the major oncogenic signaling cascades important for survival such as the AKT pathway. As pAKT is important in CTC survival, inhibition by targeting cholesterol metabolism led to apoptosis, suggesting this approach might be particularly effective for those CTCs having high levels of pAKT to aid survival in the circulation system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis

Chen

Gowda

Newswanger

et al. 2017

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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“…Recently, the characterization of CTCs and cell-free ctDNA, i.e., “liquid biopsy” [211] , seems to be a promising approach to noninvasively monitor the progression of cancer at the whole-body level, especially during and after therapy, without neglecting or underestimation of tumor heterogeneity [196] , [208] , [212] , [213] , [214] . Moreover, liquid biopsies enable the disease monitoring when biopsies are not available and the earlier prediction of cancer progression, response to treatment, or relapse after its than radiological diagnostics [98] .…”

Section: Implications For Diagnosis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intratumor and Intertumor Heterogeneity in Melanoma

Grzywa

Paskal

Włodarski

2017

Translational Oncology

235

216

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Melanoma is a cancer that exhibits one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous features. The incidence rate escalates. A high number of clones harboring various mutations contribute to an exceptional level of intratumor heterogeneity of melanoma. It also refers to metastases which may originate from different subclones of primary lesion. Such component of the neoplasm biology is termed intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. These levels of tumor heterogeneity hinder accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The increasing number of research on the topic reflects the need for understanding limitation or failure of contemporary therapies. Majority of analyses concentrate on mutations in cancer-related genes. Novel high-throughput techniques reveal even higher degree of variations within a lesion. Consolidation of theories and researches indicates new routes for treatment options such as targets for immunotherapy. The demand for personalized approach in melanoma treatment requires extensive knowledge on intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity on the level of genome, transcriptome/proteome, and epigenome. Thus, achievements in exploration of melanoma variety are described in details. Particularly, the issue of tumor heterogeneity or homogeneity given BRAF mutations is discussed.

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“…Higher numbers of CTCs have been correlated with metastatic disease recurrence, 86,87 but to our knowledge the progress of CTCs as a prognostic tool has been hampered by difficulty in isolation and the heterogeneity of melanoma CTCs. 88 New methods currently are being developed to improve the isolation 89 and monitoring 90 of melanoma CTCs. CTCs also can be useful in the prognosis of noncutaneous melanomas, such as uveal melanoma.…”

Section: Ctcs and Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current progress in the clinical use of circulating tumor cells as prognostic biomarkers

Jin

Chen

Lan³

et al. 2019

Cancer Cytopathology

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The process of metastasis is characterized by the shedding of tumor cells into the bloodstream, where they are transported to other parts of the body to seed new tumors. These cells, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), have the potential to reveal much about an individual cancer case, and theoretically can aid in the prediction of outcomes and design of precision treatments. Recent advances in technology now allow for the robust and reproducible characterization of CTCs from a simple blood draw. Both the number of circulating cells and important molecular characteristics correlated with clinical phenotypes such as drug resistance can be obtained and used for real‐time prognostic analysis. Molecular characterization can provide a snapshot of the activity of the main tumor (serving as a “liquid biopsy”) and early warnings concerning changes such as the development of resistance, and aid in predicting the efficacy of different therapeutic approaches for treatment optimization. Herein, the authors review the current clinical use of CTCs as prognostic biomarkers for several different cancers. The quantification of CTCs can lead to more accurate staging and decision making regarding options such as adjuvant chemotherapy.

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Future of circulating tumor cells in the melanoma clinical and research laboratory settings

Cited by 28 publications

References 96 publications

Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis

Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis

Intratumor and Intertumor Heterogeneity in Melanoma

Current progress in the clinical use of circulating tumor cells as prognostic biomarkers

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