Fusion power production from TFTR plasmas fueled with deuterium and tritium

Strachan, J.D.; Adler, H.; Alling, P.; Ancher, C.; Anderson, H.; Anderson, James L.; Ashcroft, D.; Barnes, Cris W.; Barnes, G.; Batha, S. H.; Bell, M.G.; Bell, R. E.; Bitter, M.; Blanchard, W.; Bretz, N.; Budny, R.; Bush, C. E.; Camp, Roderic Ai; Caorlin, M.; Cauffman, Steve; Chang, Z.; Cheng, C. Z.; Collins, J.; Coward, G.; Darrow, D. S.; DeLooper, John; Duong, H. H.; Dudek, L.; Durst, R.; Efthimion, P. C.; Ernst, D. R.; Fisher, R. K.; Fonck, R.J.; Fredrickson, E. D.; Fromm, N.; Fu, G. Y.; Furth, H. P.; Gentile, C.; Gorelenkov, N. N.; Grek, B.; Grisham, L. R.; Hammett, G. W.; Hanson, G. R.; Hawryluk, R. J.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Herrmann, H. W.; Hill, K. W.; Hosea, J.; Hsuan, H.; Janos, A.; Jassby, D.L.; Jobes, F. C.; Johnson, D.; Johnson, L. C.; Kamperschroer, J.; Kugel, H.; Lâm, Nguyễn Thanh; LaMarche, P. H.; Loughlin, M.; LeBlanc, B.; Leonard, M.; Levinton, F. M.; Machuzak, J. S.; Mansfield, D. K.; Martin, Alex; Mazzucato, E.; Majeski, R.; Marmar, E.; McChesney, J. M.; McCormack, B.; McCune, D.; McGuire, K.; McKee, G. W.; Meade, D. M.; Medley, S. S.; Mikkelsen, D. R.; Mueller, D.; Murakami, M.; Nagy, A.; Nazikian, R.; Newman, R.; Nishitani, T.; Norris, M. K. Gaedeke; O'Connor, T.; Oldaker, M.; Osakabe, M.; Owens, D. K.; Park, H.; Park, W.; Paul, S. F.; Pearson, Gavin; Perry, E.; Петров, М. П.; Phillips, C. K.; Pitcher, S.; Ramsey, A. T.; Rasmussen, D. A.; Redi, M. H.; Roberts, D.; Rogers, J. H.; Rossmassler, R.; Roquemore, A. L.; Ruskov, E.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Sasao, M.; Schilling, G.; Schivell, J.; Schmidt, G. L.; Scott, Steve; Sissingh, R.A.P.; Skinner, C.H.; Snipes, J. A.; Stevens, J.; Stevenson, T. N.; Stratton, B. C.; Synakowski, E. J.; Tang, W. M.; Taylor, G.; Terry, J. L.; Thompson, Mark E.; Tuszewski, M.; Vannoy, C.; Halle, A. von; Goeler, S. von; Voorhees, D.; Walters, R.T.; Wieland, R.; Wilgen, J. B.; Williams, M. D.; Wilson, J. R.; Wong, K. L.; Wurden, G. A.; Yamada, Masaaki; Young, K. M.; Zarnstorff, M. C.; Zweben, S. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.72.3526

Cited by 132 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The initial high-powered DT experiments in TFTR did not show any evidence for alpha-driven TAEs, either during or after termination of neutral beam injection [99]. This absence of TAE activity during standard "supershot" plasmas persisted through the TFTR DT run [44][45][46], including the highest fusion power discharges which reached up to β α (0)~0.3%, i.e.…”

Section: Initial Attempts To Study Alpha-driven Instabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 [98]. The discharge was a DT supershot [99] with R=2.52 m, a=0.87 m, I=2.0 MA, and B=5.1 T. The total beam power was and could follow field lines into the spectrometer sightlines. Fig.…”

Section: Confined Alpha Slowing Down and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments specifically to study alpha particle heating were performed in TFTR, but these studies were frustrated by significant deuterium recycling from the carbon limiter tiles [99]. As a result of this deuterium influx, the discharges which were nominally only fueled by tritium neutral beams had a significant level of DT fusion power production and hence alpha particle heating (i.e.…”

Section: Alpha Particle Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha particle physics experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Zweben¹,

Budny²,

Darrow³

et al. 2000

Nucl. Fusion

104

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Alpha particle physics experiments were done on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) during its deuterium-tritium (DT) run from 1993-1997. These experiments utilized several new alpha particle diagnostics and hundreds of DT discharges to characterize the alpha particle confinement and wave-particle interactions. In general, the results from the alpha particle diagnostics agreed with the classical singleparticle confinement model in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) quiescent discharges. Also, the observed alpha particle interactions with sawteeth, toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE), and ion cyclotron resonant frequency (ICRF) waves were roughly consistent with theoretical modeling. This paper reviews what was learned and identifies what remains to be understood.2

show abstract

Section: Initial Attempts To Study Alpha-driven Instabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 [98]. The discharge was a DT supershot [99] with R=2.52 m, a=0.87 m, I=2.0 MA, and B=5.1 T. The total beam power was and could follow field lines into the spectrometer sightlines. Fig.…”

Section: Confined Alpha Slowing Down and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alpha Particle Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha particle physics experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Zweben¹,

Budny²,

Darrow³

et al. 2000

Nucl. Fusion

104

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show abstract

“…A search for the alpha-driven toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) was made in high fusion power DT discharges [19], and also in special DT TAE experiments at lower power [20][21][22]. However, until recently, there was no clear sign of an alpha-driven TAE mode or beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) [23] was seen in NBI heated plasmas with up to 2 MW of alpha heating power, corresponding to β α (0) 0.3%.…”

Section: Alpha-particle Instabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-particle physics in the tokamak fusion test reactor DT experiment

Zweben

Arunasalam

Batha

et al. 1997

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Abstract.A summary is presented of recent alpha-particle experiments on the tokamak fusion test reactor. Alpha particles are generally well confined in MHD-quiescent discharges, and alpha heating of electrons has been observed. The theoretically predicted toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode has been seen in discharges of 1 MW of alpha power, but only in plasmas with weak magnetic shear. Classical alpha confinement and thermalizationAlpha-particle heating is the basis for ignition in DT tokamaks, so it is important to understand the confinement and stability of energetic alphas before building a power plant based on this reaction. Efficient alpha-particle heating requires that almost all the 3.5 MeV alpha-particle power (i.e. 20% of the total fusion power) should be transferred to the thermal plasma before it is lost to the vessel wall. Therefore, the alpha-particle confinement time needs to be longer than the collisional alpha thermalization time, which itself is very much longer than the alpha transit time. For example, the alpha transit time in the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) is τ trans = 2πR/v α ≈ 10 −6 s, while the alpha thermalization time is τ therm ≈ 0.3 s, with R = 2.5 m, I p = 2.5 MA, T e (0) = 10 keV and n e (0) = 10 14 cm −3 . † General Atomics ORAU fellow at PPPL.

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“…A limited scope "Preliminary Tritium Experiment" (PTE) was performed in JET in 1991 comprising two plasma shots with a ratio of tritium to total beam fueling of 13% [2]. The fusion neutron rate and the confinement of alpha particles in TFTR D-T plasmas are discussed by Strachan et al [3]. The Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%