Fusion of heavy nuclei in a classical model

Bass, R.

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(74)90292-9

Cited by 605 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The angular momentum conservation is explicitly taken into account at each step. In this code the input fusion cross section was calculated using the Bass formula [14]. The details of this model are given in our earlier work [1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓ_crit

Kumar

Ali

Ahmad

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. To study the low energy incomplete fusion, excitation functions have been measured in the 16 O + 165 Ho system using a well-established activation technique. The analysis of the present work has been carried out in the frame work of the statistical model code PACE4. The results show that the yields of complete fusion channels agree well with the theoretical predictions of the model code PACE4. However, α-emitting channels have a significant incomplete fusion fraction even at < crit

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓ_crit

Kumar

Ali

Ahmad

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…We assume that evaporation always selects the "cheaper" species (i.e., protons if C p < C n , neutrons otherwise). In the following, C is calculated from tabulated nucleon separation energies [18] and the Bass prescription [19,20] for the Coulomb barrier. Under this assumption, removal of the "expensive" nuclear species (e.g., protons from 132 Sn and neutrons from 104 Sn) can never occur by evaporation; therefore, it must take place during the cascade stage, and little excitation energy must be available at the beginning of evaporation, otherwise, the competing nuclear species will be evaporated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaporation-cost dependence in heavy-ion fragmentation

Audirac¹,

Obertelli²,

Doornenbal³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. C

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Inclusive multineutron and multiproton removal cross sections from 112 Sn and 104 Sn at relativistic energies have been measured. The data show two distinct regimes of the reaction process that depend on the nucleon evaporation cost of the final nucleus. This behavior is universal by regarding the mass or asymmetry of the initial system or target composition. A state-of-the-art cascade and deexcitation model reproduces the observed trend but systematically fails in reproducing cross sections for the removal of the more bound nucleon species. The fragmentation of a many-body bound system from the fast collision with an extra particle is a generic problem in areas as different as atomic physics through electron-induced ionization [1], nuclear physics through the nuclear fragmentation in spallation targets [2], or astrophysics through the ejection of rocks from gravitational rings after asteroid collisions [3]. This complex process depends a priori on the two-body interaction cross section, the geometry of the system, and the binding of its individual constituents. This multiparticle removal probability is challenging to predict to a high precision since it also depends on processes, such as the re-interaction of scattered components and the release of dissipation energy by statistical emission of particles, e.g., the ionization of atoms by energetic electrons is impacted by the Auger effect. Models for nuclear fragmentation have been numerous [4]. At kinetic energies larger than 100 MeV/nucleon, it is possible to accurately reproduce experimental fragmentation cross sections by modeling the reaction in two steps: intranuclear cascade (INC) followed by statistical deexcitation of the remnant nucleus [2]. Fragmentation results from the interplay of both processes [5]. In the case of one-nucleon removal, the proton-neutron asymmetry has recently demonstrated important limits of our treatment of direct reactions [6,7], and the role of evaporation in weakly bound nuclei has been questioned for deeply bound nucleon removal [8]. In this Rapid Communication, we present new fragmentation data from stable and unstable Sn isotopes at incident energies of ∼165 MeV/nucleon. We characterize these data by the difference in emission cost between the removed species and the other one, C = C removed − C other , where C n = S n is the neutron-evaporation cost, C p = S p + V c is the proton-evaporation cost, S n(p) is the neutron (proton) separation energy, and V c is the Coulomb barrier. We show that the ejection of identical nucleons presents two universal regimes that depend on the sign of C.Fast 104 Sn and 112 Sn beams at 155 and 173 MeV/nucleon, respectively, have been produced at the RIBF facility, operated conjointly by the RIKEN Nishina Center and the CNS of the University of Tokyo, by fragmentation of a 124 Xe primary beam of 0.5 e μA onto a 0.555 g/cm 2 9 Be production target. The secondary cocktail beams were composed of 104 Sn ( 112 Sn) at 25% (77%) purity. The achieved intensity of 104 Sn was 350 pps. Secondary targets w...

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“…There are several models that are developed to describe the nuclear potential between two nuclei. The barrier heights for 40 [23], and Sao Paulo [24] models are shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the role of transfer coupling in sub-barrier fusion ofTi46,50+Sn124

et al. 2016

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Fusion of heavy nuclei in a classical model

Cited by 605 publications

References 25 publications

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓ_crit

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓ_crit

Evaporation-cost dependence in heavy-ion fragmentation

Examining the role of transfer coupling in sub-barrier fusion ofTi46,50+Sn124

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Fusion of heavy nuclei in a classical model

Cited by 605 publications

References 25 publications

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓcrit

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓcrit

Evaporation-cost dependence in heavy-ion fragmentation

Examining the role of transfer coupling in sub-barrier fusion ofTi46,50+Sn124

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Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓ_crit

Low energy incomplete fusion: Observation of a signiﬁcant incomplete fusion fraction atℓ< ℓ_crit