Fusing Blockchain and AI With Metaverse: A Survey

Yang, Qinglin; Zhao, Yetong; Huang, Huawei; Xiong, Zehui; Kang, Jiawen; Zheng, Zibin

doi:10.1109/ojcs.2022.3188249

Cited by 335 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…As metaverse research increases, several studies have discussed the security of metaverse environments [17]- [21]. In 2016, O'Brolchain et al [17] claimed that privacy threats are possible in virtual reality because users perform many tasks and activities in virtual spaces, and user data are frequently communicated with servers and other users through public channels.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

et al. 2022

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, engagement in various remote activities such as online education and meetings has increased. However, since the conventional online environments typically provide simple streaming services using cameras and microphones, there have limitations in terms of physical expression and experiencing real-world activities such as cultural and economic activities. Recently, metaverse environments, three-dimensional virtual reality that use avatars, have attracted increasing attention as a means to solve these problems. Thus, many metaverse platforms such as Roblox, Minecraft, and Fortnite have been emerging to provide various services to users. However, such metaverse environments are potentially vulnerable to various security threats because the users and platform servers communicate through public channels. In addition, sensitive user data such as identity, password, and biometric information are managed by each platform server. In this paper, we design a system model that can guarantee secure communication and transparently manage user identification data in metaverse environments using blockchain technology. We also propose a mutual authentication scheme using biometric information and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to provide secure communication between users and platform servers and secure avatar interactions between avatars and avatars. To demonstrate the security of the proposed mutual authentication scheme, we perform informal security analysis, Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, Real-or-Random (ROR) model, and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA). In addition, we compare the computation costs, communication costs, and security features of the proposed scheme with existing schemes in similar environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has lower computation and communication costs and can provide a wider range of security features than existing schemes. Thus, our proposed scheme can be used to provide secure metaverse environments.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

et al. 2022

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“…In another study conducted by Ynag et al (2022), it is shown that Metaverse can be incorporated with other data-driven technologies (e.g., AI and blockchain) to develop a metaverse economy. This idea stems from the view that Metaverse can be considered as a full and self-contained economic system, with the ability to carry out digital production-based economic operations (i.e., creation, exchange, and consumption).…”

Section: Metaversementioning

confidence: 99%

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

et al. 2022

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Techno-economic analysis (TEA) has been considered an important tool to evaluate the economic performance of industrial processes. Recently, the application of TEA has been observed to have exponential growth due to the increasing competition among businesses across various industries. Thus, this review presents a deliberate overview of TEA to inculcate the importance and relevance of TEA. To further support the aforementioned points, this review article starts with a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the applicability of TEA within the research community. Conventional TEA is widely known to be conducted via software modeling (i.e., Python, AMIS, MATLAB, Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus, HOMER Pro, FORTRAN, R, SysML and Microsoft Excel) without involving any correlation or optimization between the process and economic performance. Apart from that, due to the arrival of the industrial revolution (IR) 4.0, industrial processes are being revolutionized into smart industries. Thus, to retain the integrity of TEA, a similar evolution to smart industries is deemed necessary. Studies have begun to incorporate data-driven technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain) into TEA to effectively optimize both processes and economic parameters simultaneously. With this, this review explores the integration of data-driven technologies in the TEA framework. From literature reviews, it was found that genetic algorithm (GA) is the most applied data-driven technology in TEA, while the applications of blockchain, machine learning (ML), and artificial neural network (ANN) in TEA are still considerably scarce. Not to mention other advanced technologies, such as cyber-physical systems (CPS), IoT, cloud computing, big data analytics, digital twin (DT), and metaverse are yet to be incorporated into the existing TEA. The inclusion of set-up costs for the aforementioned technologies is also crucial for accurate TEA representation of smart industries deployment. Overall, this review serves as a reference note for future process engineers and industry stakeholders who wish to perform relevant TEA, which is capable to cover the new state-of-art elements under the new modern era.

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“…Metaverse is a virtual medium with blockchain innovations that ensures data privacy [4]. Many companies and organizations have recently invested in the metaverse [5][6]. As the metaverse became more popular, transportation needs grew.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decision Support System for Assessing and Prioritizing Sustainable Urban Transportation in Metaverse

Deveci

Mishra

Gökaşar

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.

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Blockchain technology and metaverse advancements allow people to create virtual personalities and spend time online.Integrating public transportation into the metaverse could improve services and collect user data. This study introduces a hybrid decision-making framework for prioritizing sustainable public transportation in Metaverse under q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) context. In this regard, firstly q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) generalized Dombi weighted aggregation operators (AOs) and their characteristics are developed to aggregate the q-ROF information. Second, a q-ROF information-based method using the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) and stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) models are proposed to find the objective and subjective weights of criteria, respectively. Then, a combined weighting model is taken to determine the final weights of the criteria. Third, the weighted sum product (WISP) method is extended to q-ROFS context by considering the double normalization procedures, the proposed operators and integrated weighting model. This method has taken the advantages of two normalization processes and four utility measures that approve the effect of benefit and cost criteria by using weighted sum and weighted product models. Next, to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the presented method, a case study of sustainable public transportation in metaverse is presented in the context of q-ROFSs. The findings of this study confirms that the proposed model can recommend more feasible performance while facing numerous influencing factors and input uncertainties, and thus, provides a wider range of applications.

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Fusing Blockchain and AI With Metaverse: A Survey

Cited by 335 publications

References 88 publications

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

Design of Secure Mutual Authentication Scheme for Metaverse Environments Using Blockchain

Future era of techno-economic analysis: Insights from review

A Decision Support System for Assessing and Prioritizing Sustainable Urban Transportation in Metaverse

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