Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae strain Foxy 2 did not achieve biological control of Striga hermonthica parasitizing maize in Western Kenya

Avedi, Edith K.; Ochieno, Dennis M.W.; Ajanga, S.; Wanyama, Collins; Wainwright, H.; Elzein, Abuelgasim; Beed, Fen D.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.05.012

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The reduction of S. hermonthica was greatest with the two highest rates of FK3 in trial 2. The use of the isolate Foxy 2 in Benin and Burkina Faso showed that S. hermonthica numbers were reduced in maize and sorghum crops (Venne et al, 2009), however when used in Kenya Foxy 2 had no effect on S. hermonthica reduction (Avedi et al, 2014). A range of S. hermonthica pathogens with visible characteristics of F. oxysporum was sampled from maize fields in Western Kenya and West Africa in 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, the same isolate was imported into Kenya and has been subsequently tested against S. hermonthica. Foxy 2 was shown not to control S. hermonthica in Western Kenya (Avedi et al, 2014). As part of the efforts of developing a possible biological control in Kenya, diseased S. hermonthica plants were selected from a maize field and the pathogens were isolated and subsequently cultured which included the isolate FK3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Striga hermonthica reduction using Fusarium oxysporum in Kenya

Kangethe¹,

Wanyama²,

Ajanga³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The biological control agent Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae isolate Foxy 2 had shown potential as a biological control in West Africa, however it failed to achieve the same results when used on Kenyan Striga hermonthica. A F. oxysporum isolate FK3 was obtained from infected S. hermonthica in a maize crop in Kenya and tested as a potential control agent of S. hermonthica in Kenya. Two pot trials were conducted where the S. hermonthica seed and varying rates of isolate FK3 (7.5 to 60 × 10 7 CFUs per pot) were added prior to planting of maize. Numbers of S. hermonthica plants were reduced significantly at the lowest rate of FK3 application when compared to the control from 10.7 to 5.5 per pot in the first trial and 21.3 to 7.9 plants per pot in the second trial. Where a more susceptible variety of maize was used in the second trial evidence of improved maize growth (fresh root mass and stover weight) and yield (weight of grains and whole cob weight) was associated with the reduction in S. hemonthica numbers. More extensive field trials are recommended to fully assess the impact of FK3 on maize yield. The findings support the idea that regional genetic variation in both S. hermonthica and the pathogen F. oxysporum may explain the regional specificity of F. oxysporum isolates as a potential biological control agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striga hermonthica reduction using Fusarium oxysporum in Kenya

Kangethe¹,

Wanyama²,

Ajanga³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…1000 seeds) in every planting hole as described by Berner et al, (1997). The DAP treated plants were later top-dressed with CAN once as per the respective treatments at the rate of 2 level teaspoonfuls per maize plant (~10 g), 42 days after planting, supplying ~1.3 g N. Hand weeding was done after every two weeks for all weeds, except S. hermonthica (Avedi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Planting and Other Agronomic Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize production in Western Kenya is being constrained by the hemi-parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Oswald, 2005;Avedi et al, 2014). Some reports indicate that local yellow pigmented maize varieties, such as Nyamula and Shipindi, exhibit tolerance to S. hermonthica (Ojiem, Ransom, & Wakhonya, 1996;Hassan, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Maize Cultivar-related Challenges on Striga hermonthica Infested Fields in Western Kenya

Manyasi¹,

Ochieno²,

Muyekho³

et al. 2018

JPS

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Maize production in Western Kenya is constrained by Striga hermonthica and declining soil fertility. Integrated Striga Management (ISM) packages have been proposed. An ISM field experiment assessed combination of 4 maize varieties with 5 levels of soil fertility amendments. Imazapyr Resistant (IR) maize and local yellow seed Shipindi had highest germination percentages of 90% and 81% respectively, compared to commercial white seed Duma and local white seed Rachar. Duma had significantly large plants in terms of leave size and plant height; and taking least time to silking and tasseling while producing heaviest cobs and grains per plant. Synthetic fertilizer (DAP+CAN) was associated with the least germination percentage, but produced the largest plants with many leaves, took the shortest time to silking, and produced highest cob weight and grain weight, with very low S. hermonthica infestations regardless of the maize varieties. Cattle manure (CM) and water hyacinth compost containing cattle manure culture (HCM) and Effective Microbes™ (HEM) had the highest S. hermonthica population per unit area. Maize grown with water hyacinth compost containing Effective Microbes™ (HEM) positively influenced cob weight than those receiving cattle manure (CM) and the controls; while being associated with the highest numerical increase in grain yield/area. Alternative soil fertility interventions based on these observations are therefore proposed.

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A meta‐analysis of the effects of Striga control methods on maize, sorghum, and major millets production in sub‐Saharan Africa

et al. 2023

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Parasitic Striga weeds severely damage cereal crops in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), leading to yield losses in susceptible varieties. A range of Striga control methods are commonly recommended, including cultural practices, chemical herbicides, biological control agents, and host resistance, either as solo treatments or in combinations of these approaches (i.e., integrated Striga management [ISM]). A limited number of studies compared the relative efficacy of the recommended Striga control methods, or their combinations for ISM, in cereal crop production in SSA. The objective of this paper was to undertake a meta‐analysis and provide a detailed comparison of the Striga control methods in the production of maize, sorghum, and the major millets, as a guide to effective Striga management. The study was conducted as a meta‐analysis of 66 research articles that reported on various control measures. The following agronomic data were collected: grain yield (GY) response of the assessed crops and Striga parameters such as damage rating score (SDR) and emergence count (SEC). Maize varieties possessing Striga‐resistant genes displayed high mean yield values at 2053.00 kg ha−1, varying from 281.00 to 6260.00 kg ha−1, and a mean SDR of 4.70, ranging from 2.00 to 7.00. Likewise, sorghum varieties with Striga resistance genes achieved greater GY with a mean yield response of 1738.00 kg ha−1, ranging from 850.00 to 2162.00 kg ha−1. A relatively low GY was achieved in maize and sorghum production when deploying ISM (e.g., cultural control + host resistance and host resistance + chemical herbicides) and chemical Striga control. Effective ISM and pre‐ and post‐emergent herbicides have not yet been identified for Striga control and yield gains. Striga damage negatively affected GY in maize, as revealed by the significant correlation (r = −0.36, P < 0.001) between GY and SDR. A relatively weak correlation was detected in maize between GY and SEC (r = 0.003, P = 0.96). Sorghum GY was negatively correlated with SEC, although nonsignificantly (r = −0.30, P = 0.36). Few studies have evaluated Striga control methods in pearl millet and finger millet, limiting the opportunity for an effective comparison. The study recommends SDR as the best selection criterion for improving GY performance in maize, while SEC and SDR are the parameters of choice in sorghum selection programs for better GY under Striga infestation. Overall, the meta‐analysis indicates that host resistance is the most effective method for controlling Striga infestation and boosting GY in maize and sorghum. There is an ongoing need for research into the best combinations of the reported control methods as a sound basis for the recommendation of an ISM package across target production environments of common cereals in Africa.

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae strain Foxy 2 did not achieve biological control of Striga hermonthica parasitizing maize in Western Kenya

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Striga hermonthica reduction using Fusarium oxysporum in Kenya

Striga hermonthica reduction using Fusarium oxysporum in Kenya

Soil Maize Cultivar-related Challenges on Striga hermonthica Infested Fields in Western Kenya

A meta‐analysis of the effects of Striga control methods on maize, sorghum, and major millets production in sub‐Saharan Africa

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