Fusarium mycotoxins as a problem in Finnish feeds and cereals

Karppanen, Eeva; Rizzo, A.; Berg, Seija

doi:10.23986/afsci.72201

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is remarkable that feedstuffs such as maize gluten, soy granules, rapeseed and turnip rapeseed were almost free of mould toxins. The contents of Fusarium toxins in samples collected in Finland from the 1987 and the 1988 crops seemed to be at the same level or somewhat lower than those reported earlier (Ylimäki et al 1979, Karppanen et al 1985, Sundheim et al 1988and Wood and Carter 1989. The average contents of all Fusarium toxins were below the present advisory or official tolerance limits.…”

supporting

confidence: 49%

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Contents ofFusariumtoxins in Finnish and imported grains and feeds

Hietaniemi¹,

Kumpulainen²

1991

Food Additives and Contaminants

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of trichothecenes in representative samples of Finnish and imported cereals and feeds from the 1987 and 1988 crops. Trichothecene concentrations were determined in samples as trimethylsilylether derivatives by a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass selective detector (GC-MSD) using selected ion monitoring (SIM) which proved to be a reliable and sufficiently sensitive technique. Representative samples of Finnish and imported oats, wheat, barley, rye, maize gluten, soy granules, rapeseed, turnip rapeseed, fish meal, poultry feed and pig feed were analysed employing 19-nortestosterone as an internal standard. Almost all grain and feed samples contained deoxynivalenol (DON) from 7 to 300 micrograms/kg and smaller amounts (13-120 micrograms/kg) of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON). The most toxic trichothecenes, T-2, HT-2 toxins and nivalenol (NIV) and also zeralenone (ZEN) were found at low concentrations in some samples. Six lots of oats containing 1.3-2.6 mg/kg of DON and 0.2-0.6 mg/kg of 3-AcDON were found in the Finnish grain samples. Silo samples of almost all imported grains contained DON but at levels below 50 micrograms/kg. Imported grains contained no other trichothecenes. DON, 3-AcDON and ZEN were found in imported feedstuffs at low concentrations.

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supporting

confidence: 49%

“…The number of animals affected by toxins thus increased drastically. Karppanen et al (1985) analysed 167 samples of commercial feed and different species of cereal in 1984 crop. They found that feed samples were contaminated with trichothecenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contents ofFusariumtoxins in Finnish and imported grains and feeds

Hietaniemi¹,

Kumpulainen²

1991

Food Additives and Contaminants

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“…A directive currently under preparation in the European Union will specify the tolerance limits for DON (1500 µ g kg -1 ). In comparison to previous studies, the contents of trichothecenes in grains appeared similar or lower to those reported earlier in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere (Karppanen et al 1985, Tanaka et al 1988, Hietaniemi and Kumpulainen 1991, Müller and Schwadorf 1993, Rizzo 1993, Pettersson et al 1995, Groves et al 1999, Janardhana et al 1999, Döll et al 2000, Langseth and Rundberget 2001, Eskola 2002, Schollenberger et al 2002, Salay and Mercadante 2002. The results also showed that no distinct differences were found in DON contents of various varieties.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Natural toxins, such as mycotoxins, have emerged as a significant factor affecting the safety image of cereal grains as a raw material for the food and feed industry. Many previous studies in Finland (Karppanen et al 1985, Hietaniemi and Kumpulainen 1991, 1993, Rizzo 1993) and other European countries (Tanaka et al 1988, Langseth et al 1989, Müller and Schwadorf 1993, Pettersson et al 1995, Widestrand 2001, Döll et al 2002, Schollenberger et al 2002 as well as globally (Tanaka et al 1988, Shephard et al 1996, Groves et al 1999, Janardhana et al 1999, Salay and Mercadante 2002 have shown that there is reason to focus on Fusarium toxins and their appearance. A planned European Union directive will specify the maximum limits for trichothecenes such as 4-deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin and for zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contents of trichothecenes in oats during official variety, organic cultivation and nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland

Hietaniemi¹,

Kontturi²,

Rämö³

2008

AFSci

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Natural toxins, such as mycotoxins, have emerged as a significant factor affecting the safety image of cereal grains as a raw material for the food and feed industry.T he aim of the present study was to investigate the contents of trichothecenes in representative samples of oats during official variety, nitrogen fertilization and organic farming trials in Finland, 1997Finland, -1999. Further objectives were to promote industry and commerce by selection of high-quality oat varieties for various applications. The official variety trials conducted at 8-10 locations were managed following standard protocol. There were 2 types of agronomy trial, the first included comparison of oat cultivars grown in conventional and organic farming systems at 6 locations, and the second used 5 nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha -1 ) at 2 locations. Regardless of wet cold summer occurring in Finland during 1998, the concentrations of Fusarium toxins were lowest during this 3 year monitoring period. More mycotoxins were produced during the warm, dry summers of 1997 and 1999 than in 1998. In all, 55% of the oat samples in the official variety trials contained deoxynivalenol (DON) within the range of 50-896 µ g kg -1 . The differences in DON concentrations between organic and conventional cultivation were small. The results showed also that the use of various nitrogen fertilization levels only slightly affected the trichothecene concentrations. The contents of trichothecenes in Finnish grains appeared to be similar to or lower than those reported earlier in the Northern Hemisphere.

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“…However, the occurrence of the samples contaminated with DON was high as in the previous Finnish investigations (Karppanen et al 1985, Hietaniemi and Kumpulainen 1991, Rizzo 1993. In agreement with this study, Hietaniemi and Kumpulainen (1991) also detected low concentrations of trichothecenes in Finnish cereals after a very rainy growing season.…”

Section: Trichothecenes In Finnish Cerealssupporting

confidence: 48%

Trichothecenes, ochratoxin A and zearalenone contamination and Fusarium infection in Finnish cereal samples in 1998

Eskola¹,

Parikka²,

Rizzo³

2001

Food Add. Contaminants

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The occurrences and concentrations of trichothecenes, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in Finnish cereal samples are presented in this study. Furthermore, injections by moulds, especially Fusarium contamination of grains in the same samples, are reported. In total 68 cereal samples, including 43 rye, 4 wheat, 15 barley and 6 oats samples, were collected after a cool and very rainy growing season in 1998. A gas chromatograph combined with a mass spectrometric detector was used for determination of seven different trichothecenes. A high performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector was used for ochratoxin A and zearalenone determination. For the identification of moulds, the grain samples were incubated and the moulds were isolated and identified by microscopy. The analytical methods were validated for mycotoxin analysis and they were found to be adequately reliable and sensitive. Heavy rainfalls in the summer and autumn of 1998 caused abundant Fusarium mould infection in Finnish cereals, particularly in rye. Fusarium avenaceum was the most common Fusarium species found in cereals. However, the mycotoxin concentrations were very low and only deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and HT-2 toxin were detected. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 54 samples in the concentration range 5-111 microg/kg. Nivalenol and HT-2 toxin were detected in three and two samples, respectively, in the concentration range 10-20 microg/kg.

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Fusarium mycotoxins as a problem in Finnish feeds and cereals

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Contents ofFusariumtoxins in Finnish and imported grains and feeds

Contents ofFusariumtoxins in Finnish and imported grains and feeds

Contents of trichothecenes in oats during official variety, organic cultivation and nitrogen fertilization trials in Finland

Trichothecenes, ochratoxin A and zearalenone contamination and Fusarium infection in Finnish cereal samples in 1998

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