Fusarium mycotoxin enniatin B: Cytotoxic effects and changes in gene expression profile

Jönsson, Martina; Jestoi, Marika; Anthoni, Minna; Welling, Annikki; Loivamaa, Iida; Hallikainen, Ville; Kankainen, Matti; Lysøe, Erik; Koivisto, Pertti; Peltonen, Kimmo

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2016.04.017

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Juan-García et al ( 72 ) found that both ENN B and ENN A (1.5 and 3.0 µM) caused apoptosis in HepG2 cells, after 48 h of exposure, identifying ENN B more toxic than ENN A. Necrotic pathway was not observed. Similar results were obtained in mouse embryo fibroblast (Balb 3T3) cells (from 11 to 45 µM) ( 13 ), in murine monocyte (RAW 267.4) macrophages ( 35 ) and in human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line H295R ( 36 ).…”

Section: Toxicity Of Enn Bsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Enniatin B alone and in mixture with other ENNs induced apoptosis in several cell lines with nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body formation ( 13 , 14 , 16 , 33 – 35 , 68 , 69 , 72 ). Moreover, the necrotic cell death has been also reported ( 10 , 16 , 35 ).…”

Section: Toxicity Of Enn Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ENNs are known to be insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, and antihelmintic ( 12 ). Moreover, they exerted a potent cytotoxic effect in several human and animal cell lines at very low micromolar range ( 10 , 13 – 18 ). Despite the strong cytotoxicity in vitro , a few studies carried out in vivo did not show relevant toxicity ( 19 – 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B

Prosperini

Berrada

Ruiz

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

121

105

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Mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a secondary metabolism product by Fusarium fungi. It is a well-known antibacterial, antihelmintic, antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal compound. It has been found as a contaminant in several food commodities, particularly in cereal grains, co-occurring also with other mycotoxins. The primary mechanism of action of ENN B is mainly due to its ionophoric characteristics, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In the last two decades, it has been a topic of great interest since its potent mammalian cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in several mammalian cell lines. Moreover, the co-exposure in vitro with other mycotoxins enhances its toxic potential through synergic effects, depending on the concentrations tested. Despite its clear cytotoxic effect, European Food Safety Authority stated that acute exposure to ENNs, such as ENN B, does not indicate concern for human health, but a concern might be the chronic exposure. However, given the lack of relevant toxicity data, no firm conclusion could be drawn and a risk assessment was not possible. In fact, very few studies have been carried out in vivo and, in these studies, no adverse effects were observed. So, research on toxicological effects induced by ENN B is still on-going. Recently, some studies are dealing with new advances regarding ENN B. This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of ENN B, focusing on toxicological aspects and on the latest advances in research on ENN B.

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Section: Toxicity Of Enn Bsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Toxicity Of Enn Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B

Prosperini

Berrada

Ruiz

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

121

105

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“…Additive cytotoxic effects have already been reported in the presence of two or more mycotoxins (Fernandez-Blanco et al 2018;Zhou et al 2017). Similarly enniatin B has demonstrated adverse effects and changes in gene expression over different cell lines (Jonsson et al 2016;Manyes et al 2018).…”

Section: Mycotoxin Co-occurrencementioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

et al. 2019

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Background: When present in animal feedstuff, mycotoxins contaminants and antibiotic residues can have negative implications for animal production and Public Health, including the transmission of carcinogenic compounds and the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, respectively. So far there are no available methods in which both mycotoxins and antibiotic residues are analyzed using a parallel extraction approach. To address this issue, we developed a LC/MS methodology with high sensitivity (0.005 to 6.42 and 24.55 to 132.73 μg kg − 1 for mycotoxins and antimicrobials) and specificity (unique target ion mass/charge) that allows the detection of 26 mycotoxins and 23 antibiotic residues in animal feedstuff and validated it through the determination of these analytes in 294 animal feed and feed ingredient samples in the framework of a country-wide surveillance program. Two hundred and five of these samples were analyzed for mycotoxins and 89 for antibiotics. Findings: Fumonisin was the most frequently toxin found, with FB 1 and FB 2 presenting prevalences of 50 and 52% and maximum concentrations of 14,927.61 and 8646.67 μg kg − 1 , respectively. Other toxins, including diacetoxyscirpenol n = 4/101 (3.96%), fusarenon-X n = 2/101 (1.98%), citrinin n = 2 (1.98%), and patulin n = 1 (0.99%) were rarely found. Toxicologically relevant concentrations of toxin metabolites, such as HT-2 (6.38-485.49 μg kg − 1) and 3−/15acetoxydeoxynivalenol (877.89-3236.56/5.44-1685.3 μg kg − 1), were also found. Few samples exceeded threshold mycotoxin concentrations defined in current EU guidelines. Dairy cattle and swine feeds included the higher number of samples exceeding guideline values (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). From the total of samples analysed for antibiotics, 7.7% (n = 7/89) were classified as medicated for poultry and pigs. Unexpectedly, 57% of these medicated samples contained no detectable antibiotics (n = 4/7). The remaining 43% of the samples (n = 3/7) presented inconsistencies regarding the concentration of analytes declared on the labels or the antibiotics found. Likewise 74.6% (n = 50/67) of the non-medicated feed samples analyzed had antibiotic residues. Additionally, we analyzed commercial monensin standards for purity and evaluate batch-to-batch flushing feed industry practices. Conclusions: Herein we report the results for a year-wide analysis for mycotoxins and antibiotics in feed samples. Mycotoxins, several metabolites, and the occurrence of these emerging contaminants were evaluated and antibiotic residues in non-medicated feed samples were found using a targeted MS-based LC approach. This validated multianalyte method is expected to facilitate the monitoring and surveillance of contaminants, from natural and anthropogenic origin, in animal feed.

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“…Negligible carry-over rates (0.0075% and 0%–0.0017%) were observed in cow milk after DON (2.62–5.24 mg/Kg) and ZON (0.33–0.66 mg/Kg) contaminated feed administration [ 24 ]. Due to the lipophilic nature of some mycotoxins, such as ENs and BEA, detectable concentrations were recovered from broiler and mice organs and tissues [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Biological Samples: An Overview

Escrivá¹,

Font²,

Manyes³

et al. 2017

Toxins

106

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Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites with bioaccumulation levels leading to their carry-over into animal fluids, organs, and tissues. As a consequence, mycotoxin determination in biological samples from humans and animals has been reported worldwide. Since most mycotoxins show toxic effects at low concentrations and considering the extremely low levels present in biological samples, the application of reliable detection methods is required. This review summarizes the information regarding the studies involving mycotoxin determination in biological samples over the last 10 years. Relevant data on extraction methodology, detection techniques, sample size, limits of detection, and quantitation are presented herein. Briefly, liquid-liquid extraction followed by LC-MS/MS determination was the most common technique. The most analyzed mycotoxin was ochratoxin A, followed by zearalenone and deoxynivalenol—including their metabolites, enniatins, fumonisins, aflatoxins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Moreover, the studies were classified by their purpose, mainly focused on the development of analytical methodologies, mycotoxin biomonitoring, and exposure assessment. The study of tissue distribution, bioaccumulation, carry-over, persistence and transference of mycotoxins, as well as, toxicokinetics and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) were other proposed goals for biological sample analysis. Finally, an overview of risk assessment was discussed.

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Fusarium mycotoxin enniatin B: Cytotoxic effects and changes in gene expression profile

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B

A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B

Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed

Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Biological Samples: An Overview

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