Fusarium fungi and associated metabolites presence on grapes from Slovakia

Abstract

Toxinogenic Fusarium species were identified on grape berries from Slovak vineyards, and their toxic metabolites were analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. F. subglutinans, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. subglutinans, and F. verticillioides were found with varying frequency. F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum, cultured in vitro on Czapek yeast autolysate agar and yeast extract sucrose agar, produced beauvericin, in the range from 3,265 to 13,400 μg/kg, and fusaproliferin in high concentration, ranging from 49,850 to 259,500 μg/kg. A maximum value of 2.24 μg/kg has been observed for beauvericin in dried grape berries. Fumonisin B1, and fumonisin B2 were also identified, and the observed levels ranged from 500 to 2,040 μg/kg. Over 2 years (namely 2008 and 2009) many other metabolites have been identified and analysed in grape berries, in particular: avenacein Y, apicidin, aurofusarin, chlamydosporol, 2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol, enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B2, enniatin B3, and equisetin.

Evaluation of culture media for the production of secondary metabolites in a natural products screening program

“…Aurofusarin was the metabolite of interest in both G2 and G142, while the metabolite of interest produced by G24 was PC3. Aurofusarin is a mycotoxin and red pigment common in Fusarium species (Ezekiel et al , 2012; Soerensen et al , 2012; Mikusova et al , 2013). PC3 is an analog of pestalotin, which was first described as a product of an unidentified fungus in 1973 (Strunz et al , 1974); pestalotins synergistically augment the plant hormone gibberellin (Kimura et al , 1971; Kimura et al , 1977; Kirihata et al , 1996).…”

Effect of Fusarium-Derived Metabolites on the Barrier Integrity of Differentiated Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2)

“…For example, beauvericin and enniatins frequently co-occur with other Fusarium derived metabolites in grains and food products. These include culmorin, DON and derivatives, equisetin, fumonisins, fusaproliferin, fusaric acid, fusareon-X, moniliformin, monocerin, nivalenol, T-2/HT-2 toxins and zearalenone and its derivatives [8,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86]. Furthermore, in their analysis of 83 samples of feed and feed raw materials using a multi mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method, Streit et al [8], reported the co-occurrence of 69 different mycotoxins.…”

Fruit‐based juices: Focus on antioxidant properties—Study approach and update

“…Within the fruit juice category, the regulated products, such as fruit juice, fruit juice from concentrate, concentrated fruit juice, water extracted fruit juice, dehydrated/powdered fruit juice, and fruit nectar, are defined based on their composition and manufacturing processes (Mihalev, Dinkova, Shikov, & Mollov, ). The bioactivity of fruit juices toward free radicals can also be used as a parameter for the definition of the quality of fruit juices, besides their safety (Mikusova, Ritieni, Santini, Juhasova, & Srobarova, ; Mikušová, Šrobárová, Sulyok, & Santini, ; Santini & Novellino, ).…”

“…The bioactivity of fruit juices toward free radicals can also be used as a parameter for the definition of the quality of fruit juices, besides their safety (Mikusova, Ritieni, Santini, Juhasova, & Srobarova, 2010;Mikušová, Šrobárová, Sulyok, & Santini, 2013;Santini & Novellino, 2014).…”