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Experiments were conducted to evaluate heated unextracted soybean fractions as sources of soybean oil and protein for the growing chick. Heated dehulled unextracted soybean flakes produced growth rate and feed efficiency equal to that obtained with the combination of soybean oil meal and degummed soybean oil while heated ground unextracted soybeans were less satisfactory in this respect. The poorer results obtained with ground unextracted soybeans were shown to be related to a poorer absorbability of the oil in them. Flaking the soybeans markedly improved the absorbability of the oil by the chick, probably by causing a greater disruption of cellular structure than was obtained by the grinding of the soybeans. The metabolizable energy of ground unextracted soybeans was substantially less than that of unextracted soybean flakes. Most of the differences in metabolizable energy were accounted for by differences in absorbability of the oil. Soybean hulls at a level equivalent to that contained in soybeans were found to have no effect on growth rate and only a slight effect on feed efficiency. Autoclaving soybean oil did not lower its value for the chick. The relationship between the poorer growth obtained with ground unextracted soybeans and the low absorbability of the oil in them was discussed. To obtain maximum efficiency in the use of unextracted soybean products in chick rations, some such means as flaking must first be employed to increase the availability of the oil.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate heated unextracted soybean fractions as sources of soybean oil and protein for the growing chick. Heated dehulled unextracted soybean flakes produced growth rate and feed efficiency equal to that obtained with the combination of soybean oil meal and degummed soybean oil while heated ground unextracted soybeans were less satisfactory in this respect. The poorer results obtained with ground unextracted soybeans were shown to be related to a poorer absorbability of the oil in them. Flaking the soybeans markedly improved the absorbability of the oil by the chick, probably by causing a greater disruption of cellular structure than was obtained by the grinding of the soybeans. The metabolizable energy of ground unextracted soybeans was substantially less than that of unextracted soybean flakes. Most of the differences in metabolizable energy were accounted for by differences in absorbability of the oil. Soybean hulls at a level equivalent to that contained in soybeans were found to have no effect on growth rate and only a slight effect on feed efficiency. Autoclaving soybean oil did not lower its value for the chick. The relationship between the poorer growth obtained with ground unextracted soybeans and the low absorbability of the oil in them was discussed. To obtain maximum efficiency in the use of unextracted soybean products in chick rations, some such means as flaking must first be employed to increase the availability of the oil.
I . A comparative study on the digestibility of beef, buffalo, camel and mutton fats was made withchicks during theqthweekof age. Each fat was addedto a low-fat dietat levels of 3,6and 9 yo.2. The mean digestibilities of beef, buffalo, camel and mutton fats were 85.4, 72.6, 83-9 and 9 4 1 yo respectively. Thus mutton fat appeared to be significantly superior to other fats, whereas buffalo fat was significantly inferior.3. The melting points of the fats seemed to have no influence on their digestibilities. 4. With the exception of beef fat, the digestibility of the fats improved as the iodine value increased.During recent years animal fats have been incorporated widely in high-energy rations for broilers. Beef tallow and lard are the principal fats used in some countries, mutton fat being used to a lesser extent.In Egypt considerable numbers of buffaloes are slaughtered yearly and are an important source of meat for human consumption. Large numbers of camels are also slaughtered in some districts of Egypt and of the countries of the Middle East. At the present time animal fats are not accepted by most consumers, and it is cxpected that a surplus of these fats will accumulate. An evaluation of such fats is necessary for the development of high-energy rations for poultry.Although the digestibilities of beef tallow and mutton fat have been determined by several authors, there does not appear to be any information available in the literature concerning the digestibility of buffalo and camel fats.It was of interest therefore to carry out a comparative study on the digestibility for chicks of beef, buffalo, camel and mutton fats. E X P E R I M E N T A L Animals and their managementUnsexed Fayomi chicks, I d old, were used. They were kept in cages with raised wire floors in an electrically heated room to 4 weeks of age. Feed and water were supplied ad lib. The chicks were weighed at weekly intervals and food consumption was recorded. Diets A basal low-fat mash ( Table I ) was given to the control birds. I n the rations in which the animal fats were included, maize starch was replaced on a weight for weight basis with 3, 6 and 9% of either beef, buffalo, camel or mutton fat prepared * Present address: 384 El-Haram Str., Giza, Egypt, UAR.
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