Further observations on polydactyly and heterodactyly in fowls

Bond, C. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02983001

Cited by 10 publications

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“…The digit variation (4-3-2-1-2' or 4-3-2-2') can be expressed on both feet or in a unilateral fashion with 1 form on each foot (heterodactyly), with a preference towards 4-3-2-2' on the bird's right leg; the latter conformation is less common in hatched birds than embryos. These polydactyl foot conformations have also been reported in other chicken breeds [Bond, 1920[Bond, , 1926Punnett and Pease, 1929;Sturkie, 1943;Warren, 1944]. Furthermore, any of the foot polydactyl phenotypes mentioned above d The hybridization profile for these 3 BACs indicates a major signal (telomere-proximal) on GGA2p plus a minor signal on 2q centromere-proximal.…”

Section: Ucd-po003 Phenotypic Variationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This common malformation was one of the earliest genetic mutations studied in chicken, dating back to Punnett and colleagues in the 1920s [Bond, 1920[Bond, , 1926Punnett and Pease, 1929;Warren, 1944]. Po has been reported in a variety of bird species ranging from mallard and common loon to common swift and Anna's hummingbird, although it is inherently difficult to establish frequency of occurrence in the wild [Sakai, 2006 and references therein].…”

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The Expression of Preaxial Polydactyly Is Influenced by Modifying Genetic Elements and Is Not Maintained by Chromosomal Inversion in an Avian Biomedical Model

Robb¹,

Delany²

2012

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Polydactyly (Po) is a common mutation found in many vertebrates. The UCD-Po.003 congenic chicken line was previously characterized for Po inheritance (autosomal dominant) and the mutation was mapped to chromosome 2p. Here, we describe for the first time the range and variability of the phenotype in this congenic line. Further, we studied the hypothesis that a chromosomal inversion was responsible for the maintenance of a large (6.3 Mb) candidate gene region. Fluorescence in situ hybridization employing BACs encompassing a 10.7-Mb region of GGA2p showed that the Po chromosome was normal, i.e. exhibits the wild-type BAC order. Continued fine-mapping along with a change in breeding strategy reduced the size of the causative region to 1.43 Mb. Recent research indicates that the cause of preaxial Po resides within a 794-bp highly conserved zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence (ZRS) element located in intron 5 of the LMBR1 gene; however, the ZRS polymorphism of interest is found in some but not all breeds of polydactylous chicken. Therefore, we sequenced the ZRS in 101 heterozygous and 30 unaffected (wild-type) individuals to establish the relevance of this region to the Po condition in the UCD-Po.003 congenic line. A single point mutation (C/A at coordinate GGA2p: 8,414,121) within the ZRS segregated with carrier status. The polydactylous UCD-Silkie line also maintains this SNP in addition to a single base deletion. An inheritance analysis of the phenotypic variation in UCD-Po.003 suggests recessive epistasis as the mode of inheritance for the additional modifying genetic elements, residing outside the ZRS, to impact the preaxial polydactyl phenotype. These results contribute to our understanding of the cause of Po in an important vertebrate model.

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Section: Ucd-po003 Phenotypic Variationmentioning

confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

The Expression of Preaxial Polydactyly Is Influenced by Modifying Genetic Elements and Is Not Maintained by Chromosomal Inversion in an Avian Biomedical Model

Robb¹,

Delany²

2012

Cytogenet Genome Res

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On the expression of polydactylism in the wings of fowl

Baumann

Landauer

1944

Anat. Rec.

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TWO FIQURESPolydactylism is a well-known and ancient mutation of fowl. In its most typical manifestation it accounts for the presence of five instead of four toes on each foot and as such is a standard trait of several breeds of chickens.Polydactylism of fowl is produced by duplication of the anlage material for the first digit. The type and degree of this duplication are very variable and the many resulting forms of expression haVe been the subject of repeated morphological description. All observations on the genetic behavior of polydactylism in chickens have been based on the structure of the toes.It was shown, however, by Barfurth ( '10, ' 11, '14) that the wings are also involved in the expression of polydactylism. He found in embryos of polydactylous breeds (Houdan, Orpington, Silky) that on the eighth day of development a small bud-like structure appeared on the radial margiii of the hand. This protrusion increased in size during the ninth and tenth day, at the same time acquiring a somewhat more finger-like independence. The formation of pre-cartilage and of small amounts of cartilage were observed, but this did in no case progress to the appearance of phalanges. On the tenth or eleventh day the finger-bud became constricted at its base and this constriction continued until finally the primordium was lost. A similar account of the formation and subsequent loss of such a transitory finger primordium was given by Schmalhausen ('34) for embryos of Faverolle fowl.We had occasion to make extensive observations on wings of embryos and chicks from polydactylous stock of Houdan-crossbred and Dorking origin. The following results seemed worthy of record. APPEARANCE AND PERSISTENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY DIGITSIt was possible in our material to distinguish as early as the beginning of the eighth day of development between the presence and ab-225

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Genotypische Asymmetrien

Dahlberg¹

1930

Z.Ver-erbungslehre

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Bei den meisten Erblichkeitsuntersuchungen, welche bisher ausgefiihrt worden sind, hat man haupts~chlich das Vorhandensein und das Fehlen yon Eigenschaften diskutiert. Man hat berechnet, ein wie grofler Prozentsatz yon Individuen innerhalb eines gewissen Materials eine bestimmte Eigenschaft gehabt oder nieht gehabt hat. Und man hat die gefundenen Verh~ltniszahlen nit jenen verglichen, die man nach den Voraussetzungen des Mendelismus zu erwarten gehabt h~tte. Erst in letzterer Zeit hat man begonnen, sich mehr ftir die Art des Auftretens yon Eigenschaften im Soma bei einem Individuum zu interessieren und auch erst in letzterer Zeit hat man asymmetrisch auftretende Eigenschaften yore Erblichkeits-und Milieugesichtspunkt aus zu diskutieren begonnen. So sp/it wie im Jahre 1924 konnte Siemens mitteilen, daf t~aecker auf eine diesbezfigliche Frage erkl~rt babe, er kenne aus der Literatur nichts ,,Spezielles fiber die Beziehungen zwischen Asymmetrie und Nichterblichkeit", eine Anferung, welche wohl besagen diirfte~ da6 auch betreffs des Verh/iltnisses zwischen Asymmetrie und Erblichkeit die gleiche Lficke in unseren Kenntnissen vorlag.Diese Mitteilung yon Siemens war veranlaft durch eine yon Julius B a u e r im selben Jahre aufgestellte t~ypothese, daft einseitige erbliche Eigenschaften erbliche Verschiedenheiten zwischen eineiigen Zwillingen verursachen k6nnen. B a u e r sucht diese l:iypothese dadurch zu stfitzen, daf er einen Fall yon seiner Meinung nach eineiigen Zwillingeu anfiihrte, yon denen der eine braune, der andere blaue Augen hatte. Die Ursache dieser Erscheinung lag, wie er glaubte, in einer erblichen I-Ieterochromie. D a n f o r t h hat schon 1919 einen ~hnlichen Gedanken verfolgt. In bezug auf die Verschiedenheiten zwischen den beiden Individuen eines eineiigen ZwiUingspaares /iufert sich D an for th folgendermafen: ,,Ge-

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Further observations on polydactyly and heterodactyly in fowls

Cited by 10 publications

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The Expression of Preaxial Polydactyly Is Influenced by Modifying Genetic Elements and Is Not Maintained by Chromosomal Inversion in an Avian Biomedical Model

The Expression of Preaxial Polydactyly Is Influenced by Modifying Genetic Elements and Is Not Maintained by Chromosomal Inversion in an Avian Biomedical Model

On the expression of polydactylism in the wings of fowl

Genotypische Asymmetrien

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