Further Observations on Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Bedson, S. P.; Maitland, H. B.; Burbury, Y. M.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(27)80002-0

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The descriptive analysis of our review suggests that the overall pattern of FMDV survival is consistent with long‐held assumptions (Table ); however, the data available for these parameters are limited. Two studies illustrate the overall consensus that FMDV has longer survival times when temperatures are <20°C and RH is >55%, but suggest extended survival on materials associated with human handlers, with a median survival of 110.5 days (Bedson et al, ; Nauryzbaev, ). However, these studies, regarding human‐associated materials, occurred 50 years ago, under conditions found in temperate climates (temperature range of 12–16.7°C and RH range of 43%–77%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this method could not manipulate left‐censored or interval data, which resulted in assumptions for 12 data points. Bøtner and Belsham reported data points for viral inactivation under 24 hr and under 1 hr (Bøtner & Belsham, ), while Bedson et al reported survival under 5 days (Bedson et al, ). These represent left‐censored survival times, times that end prior to the time when laboratory tests were completed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As cattle herds graze and move across soil, they add organic matter that has the potential to alter the survival of FMDV (Bøtner & Belsham, ; Wagener, ). Current literature suggests median survival within the soil matrix is 23.5 days, with a range of 2 to > 30 days, under optimal environmental conditions of temperature, RH and pH (Bedson et al, ; Olitsky et al, ; Shil'nikov, ) (Table S1 and S2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bio‐aerosol transport, defined by time and distance, is evaluated at different scales including, sub‐microscale that occurs within 10 min and under 100 m, microscale that occurs from 10 min up to 1 hr at distance from 100 m to 1 km, and mesoscale that occurs over days and up to 100 km (Pepper & Gerba, ), all of which have been used to assess FMDV transport (Donaldson et al, ). When assessing transport, topography is a critically important factor because of its influence on air turbulence which affects particulate diffusion, wind speed and direction, temperature, and RH (Bachrach et al, ; Bedson et al, ; Donaldson, , ). Factoring in these variables is essential when predicting airborne transport of the virus, from an outbreak or suspected source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental persistence of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus applied to endemic regions

Mielke

Garabed

2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The consequences of foot‐and‐mouth disease impact regional economies and food security through animal mortality and morbidity, trade restrictions and burdens to veterinary infrastructure. Despite efforts to control the disease, some regions, mostly in warmer climates, persistently report disease outbreaks. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how environmental factors influence transmission, of this economically devastating disease. Extensive research covers basic aetiology and transmission potential of livestock and livestock products for foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV), with a subset evaluating environmental survival. However, this subset, completed in the early to mid‐20th century in Northern Europe and the United States, is not easily generalized to today's endemic locations. This review uncovered 20 studies, to assess current knowledge and analyse the effects of environmental variables on FMDV survival, using a Cox proportional hazards (Coxph) model. However, the dataset is limited, for example pH was included in three studies and only five studies reported both relative humidity (RH) and temperature. After dropping pH from the analysis, our results suggest that temperature alone does not describe FMDV survival; instead, interactions between RH and temperature have broader impacts across various conditions. For instance, FMDV is expected to survive longer during the wet season (survival at day 50 is ~90% at 16°C and 86% RH) versus the dry season (survival at day 50 approaches 0% at 16°C and 37.5% RH) or comparatively in the UK versus the Southwestern United States. Additionally, survival on vegetation topped 70% on day 75 when conditions exceeded 20°C with high RH (86%), drastically higher than the survival on inanimate surfaces at the same temperature and RH (~0%). This is important in tropical regions, where high temperatures can persist throughout the year, but RH varies. Therefore, parameter estimates, for disease modelling and control in endemic areas, require environmental survival data from a wider range of conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental persistence of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus applied to endemic regions

Mielke

Garabed

2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Waldmann and Trautwein [1926] showed a greater homologous than heterologous im munity in cross-protection experiments with two strains, and Bedson et al [1927] found that two strains, typically A on cross-immu nity tests in guinea pigs, could be differenti ated by cross-neutralization tests with sera from the guinea pigs used in the cross-immu nity tests. Bedson et al emphasized the im portance of quantitative work in the detection of such differences, but the precision they re quired was obtained only by using large num bers of experimental animals, and little prog ress was made for about 20 years in con firming that there was within-type variation.…”

Section: The Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%