Further evidence on the relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the degradation of tissues surrounding tooth. Moreover, periopathogens can invade the bloodstream, disseminate and promote cardiovascular disease, such as the link between Porphyromonas gingivalis and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: This cross-sectional study compared patients with stable AAA (n = 30) and patients with unstable AAA (n = 31) based on aortic diameter, growth rate, and eligibility for surgical intervention. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded as well as the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and the Periodontal Index for Risk of Infectiousness (PIRI). Microbiological analyses were performed on saliva and supragingival and subgingival plaque. Quantification of Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) was done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: The two AAA groups were homogeneous for age, sex, and most risk factors except hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Periodontal parameters were comparable but the proportion of patients with high PIRI scores was greater in those with unstable AAA (51.6% versus 23.3%). The probing depth (PD) and the

Blood Biomarkers and Serologic Immunological Profiles Related to Periodontitis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients

“…In a previous publication, the association between the severity of the periodontal parameters, the quantity of periodontal pathogens and the severity (or the extend) of AAA was observed (Salhi et al, 2020) and the present serologic immunological profiles support these findings. Although IgG antibodies against Pg and Aa were detected in all patients, no association was found with the concentration of bacteria in subgingival plaque samples.…”

“…The periodontal characteristics of study patients with stable (n = 30) or unstable (n = 31) AAA were previously described (Salhi et al, 2020).…”

“…Unexploited data collected during a previous cross-sectional study on the periodontitis and AAA (Salhi et al, 2020) were used in the present post-hoc study to further explore the associations between AAA stability and periodontitis related blood biomarkers. The study design, sample size calculation, patient selection, and demographics of the cohort have been described in the previous report (Salhi et al, 2020). AAA imaging, periodontal, and microbiological parameters are briefly explained hereafter.…”

“…The AAA dimensions were assessed by measuring AAA diameters (anterior-posterior, cross-sectional, and maximal) and volumes (entire AAA, residual lumen, and thrombus), as described previously (Salhi et al, 2020). More precisely, the AAA diameters (mm) were collected in the medical file of the patient according to the last diameter based on echography (images obtained with a C5.2 convex probe, IU22 Philips Ultrasonography, Belgium) for 9 patients or computed tomography (CT) scan for 52 patients.…”

Gut microbiome sheds light on the development and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm

“…Periodontitis is highly prevalent in patients with both stable and unstable AAA, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) has been shown to be closely correlated with AAA diameters and volumes (55). In addition to Pg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerellaforsythia, and Campylobacter rectus are also involved periodontal pathogens in patients with AAA (56).…”