“…Several review papers were published [39, 45 -47] . Among the various OPF methods proposed, it has been recognized that the main techniques for solving the OPF problems are the gradient method [40] , linear programming (LP) method [49,50] , successive sparse quadratic programming (QP) method [52] , successive nonsparse QP method [54] , Newton ' s method [55] , and Interior Point Methods [61 -66] . Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.…”