Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) em porta-enxertos micropropagados de videira

Abstract

ResumoO uso de fungos micorrízicos na produção de mudas de videira é importante alternativa para acelerar o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento de dois FMA sobre o crescimento vegetativo de três porta-enxertos (PE) de videira. Foram utilizados os FMA Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama e os PE SO4, Paulsen 1103 e 043-43. Os PE, oriundos de micropropagação, foram transferidos e aclimatizados em copos plásticos de 300 mL e após 58 dias transplantados para sacos plásticos de 2 L de capacidade, contendo como substrato uma mistura de casca de arroz carbonizada e Plantmax® na proporção de 1:1 v/v. Utilizaram-se, como inóculo, 20 g de solo rizosférico mais fragmentos de raízes contendo as estruturas dos FMA, adicionados ao substrato na fase de aclimatização. Aos 135 dias após inoculação, foram avaliadas as massas de matéria fresca e seca das raízes e parte aérea, comprimento de raízes e parte aérea, diâmetro de colo e teores de nutrientes da parte aérea. Os FMA Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama proporcionaram melhor nutrição e maior crescimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos de videira, se comparadas as plantas testemunhas. Os benefícios oriundos da simbiose dependeram da combinação específica entre o isolado fúngico e a variedade de porta-enxerto utilizada, sendo o 043-43 beneficiado preponderantemente pelo FMA Glomus etunicatun e o SO4 e Paulsen 1103 por Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama.Palavras-chave: endomicorrizas, propagação, mudas, Vitis sp. Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) fungi in micropropagated grape rootstocks AbstractThe use of mycorrhizal fungi is an activity of great importance to accelerate the initial development of grape seedlings. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of two AMF on the vegetative growth of three grape rootstocks. Such experiment used the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora heterogama, and the rootstocks SO4, Paulsen 1103 e 043-43. The micropropagated rootstocks were transferred and acclimated in 300 mL plastic cups, and after 58 days were transplanted to 2 L plastic bags containing a mixture of carbonized rice husks and Plantmax® on the proportion 1:1, as substrate. The inoculum consisted of 20 g of rhizospheric soil and roots fragments containing the structures of AMF added to the substrate during the acclimatization stage. Fresh and dry matter of roots and shoots, length of roots and shoots, stem diameter and nutritional status of shoots were evaluated after 135 days of inoculation. The AMF Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora heterogama provided better nutrition and greater vegetative growth of rootstock varieties when compared to the non-inoculated plants. The benefits of symbiosis were depended on the specific combination of the fungal isolate and rootstock variety employed, with 043-43 benefited mainly by AMF Glomus etunicatun and SO4 and Paulsen 1103 by Glomus etunicatum and Scutellospora heterogama.

Root Proteomic Analysis of Grapevine Rootstocks Inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis

“…It has been shown that mycorrhizal plants may have fewer and shorter roots than non-mycorrhizal plants, since extraradicular AMF mycelium increases the volume of soil explored by the plant root system, allowing higher water and nutrient uptake (Locatelli et al, 2002). Therefore, these results confirm the ability of AMF to benefit plant growth, and the increase in shoot and root biomass is consistent with previous studies with grapevine rootstocks (Dalla Costa et al, 2010;Anzanello et al, 2011;Cangahuala-Inocente et al, 2011) or with other plant species (Lovato et al, 2006;Farzaneh et al, 2011;Cavagnaro et al, 2012;Evelin et al, 2012;Mohandas, 2012;Steinkellner et al, 2012). Anzanello et al (2011) detected an increase in shoot and root biomass in SO4 and P1103 rootstocks inoculated with AMF, and Dalla Costa et al (2010) also showed an increase in shoot biomass in SO4 rootstock inoculated with AMF.…”

“…AMF and FOH inoculation, and also co-inoculation with both fungi, resulted in differences in protein accumulation. According to Anzanello et al (2011), benefits of AMF depend on interaction between the fungus and the rootstock, which might explain the differences in protein profile. Concomitantly, differences in the protein profile may be related to the different levels of resistance from the grapevine rootstocks to FOH, also affecting the interaction between plant and fungi.…”

Growth and physiology of the citrange ‘Fepagro C37 Reck’ rootstock innoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

“…Reduction in the nutrient contents caused by AMF are attributed to the effects of dilution of the same in the cells caused by a greater absorption of water. In addition, AMF shows a buffer behavior (Anzanello et al, 2011), that is, in condition of high nutrient availability, they absorb only what is needed, for this reason the results of some nutrients such as Ca, Mg, and Mn had lower values than noninoculated plants, however, they are already considered high values for plant requirements (SBCS, 2004). Thus, AMF also has the function of regulating the amount of nutrients absorbed, avoiding greater energy expenditure.…”

Desenvolvimento de mudas de mirtileiro inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares

“…A introdução de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) tem-se tornado uma tecnologia interessante nos programas de produção de mudas de boa qualidade, pois permite abreviar o tempo de formação da muda de várias fruteiras, como mamão (MARTINS et al, 2000), maracujazeiro-doce (ANJOS et al, 2005), cajueiro (WEBER et al, 2004), bananeira (LINS et al, 2003), pessegueiro (NUNES et al, 2011) e videira (ANZANELLO et al, 2011).…”