Fungi in Cold Ecosystems

Frisvad, Jens Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74335-4_9

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Nearly 90% of the volume of marine habitats is below 5°C and the deep seas which constitutes the largest unexplored habitat on our planet often have temperatures from −1 to −4°C (Frisvad 2008). Deep-sea sediments appear to be one of the potential niches for hidden fungal diversity and the fungal roles in the deep-sea sediments have remained neglected mainly due to the fact that they are not easily observed (Damare et al 2008).…”

Section: Cold-adapted Fungi and Their Living Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living strategy of cold-adapted fungi with the reference to several representative species

et al. 2017

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Our planet is dominant with cold environments that harbour enormously diverse cold-adapted fungi comprising representatives of all phyla. Investigation based on culture-dependent and independent methods has demonstrated that cold-adapted fungi are cosmopolitan and occur in diverse habitants and substrates. They live as saprobes, symbionts, plant and animal parasites and pathogens to perform crucial functions in different ecosystems. Pseudogymnoascus destructans caused bat white-nose syndrome and Ophiocordyceps sinensis as Chinese medicine are the representative species that have significantly ecological and economic significance. Adaptation to cold niches has made this group of fungi a fascinating resource for the discovery of novel enzymes and secondary metabolites for biotechnological and pharmaceutical uses. This review provides the current understanding of living strategy and ecological functions of cold-adapted fungi, with particular emphasis on how those fungi overcome the extreme low temperature and perform their ecological function.

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Section: Cold-adapted Fungi and Their Living Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living strategy of cold-adapted fungi with the reference to several representative species

et al. 2017

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“…snow, sea ice, glacial ice) can be inhabited by psychrotolerant and psychrophile microorganisms Butinar et al, 2007;Turchetti et al, 2008). These microorganisms can use complex biopolymers as energy sources, by synthesizing extracellular enzymes active at low temperatures (Margesin et al, 2007a;Frisvad, 2008). Psychrophilic yeasts play an essential role in nutrient cycling and biomass production processes in cold ecosystems (Margesin et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeasts from glacial ice of Patagonian Andes, Argentina

García

Brizzio

Broock

2012

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

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Glacial ice and snow are known habitats for cold-adapted microorganisms. Research on cold-adapted yeast biodiversity from Perito Moreno and Mount Tronador glaciers (Patagonia, Argentina), and production of extracellular enzymatic activity at low temperatures (5 and 18 °C), was performed and described in this study. Ninety percent (90%) of the isolates were basidiomycetous; 16 genera and 29 species were identified. Twenty-five percent (25%) of total isolates corresponded to psychrophilic yeasts, whereas 75% were psychrotolerant yeasts. Eighty-five percent (85%) of all isolates had at least one enzymatic activity. Multiple correspondence analysis and cluster classification revealed a relationship between certain genera and some enzymatic activities. Cold-adapted yeast isolates were able to hydrolyze natural compounds (casein, lipids, starch, pectin, and carboxymethylcellulose) at low temperatures, suggesting a significant ecological role of these organisms as organic matter decomposers and nutrient cyclers. These yeasts are especially relevant for metabolic and ecological studies, as well as for yeast-based biotechnological process at low temperatures.

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“…The search for psychrophilic filamentous fungi in Antarctica has been successful in very rare cases (Margesin 2009). In contrast, there appeared many reports on the isolation of psychrotolerant fungal strains (Frisvad 2008). Gonçalves et al (2013) reported on a mesophilic, psychrotolerant fungus Penicillium solitum inhabiting marine sediments of Antarctica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth and survival strategies by cold-adapted fungi also included accumulation of trehalose and glycogen in the cells (Ruisi et al 2007;Frisvad 2008;Gocheva et al 2009). We demonstrate here that trehalose and glycogen accumulate in both Antarctic cultures during cold shock (i.e., 10°C for psychrotolerant strain and 20°C for mesophilic strain).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the oxidative stress response of two Antarctic fungi to different growth temperatures

Kostadinova¹,

Tosi²,

Spassova³

et al. 2017

Polish Polar Research

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Two fungal strains, isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica (Penicillium commune 161, psychrotolerant and Aspergillus glaucus 363, mesophilic) were investigated for a relationship between growth temperature and oxidative stress response. Cultivation at temperatures below -(10 and 15°C and 10 and 20°C for P. commune and A. glaucus, respectively) and above (25°C and 30°C for P. commune and A. glaucus, respectively) the optimum caused significant difference in growth and glucose uptake in comparison with the control cultures. Enhanced level of reserve carbohydrates (glycogen and trehalose) was determined under cultivation at different temperatures from the optimal one. While the highest content of trehalose was found in the exponential phase, glycogen accumulation was observed in the stationary phase when growth conditions deteriorate. The growth at temperature below-and above-optimum caused strain-dependent changes in two antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). While SOD activity in the psychrotolerant strain increases with decreasing of growth temperature, the mesophilic A. glaucus demonstrated marked reduction of it at below-and above-optimal temperature. Decreasing trend of CAT activity was observed in both strains below the optimal temperature indicating a lack of antioxidant protection from this enzyme under the cold stress conditions.

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Fungi in Cold Ecosystems

Cited by 38 publications

References 132 publications

Living strategy of cold-adapted fungi with the reference to several representative species

Living strategy of cold-adapted fungi with the reference to several representative species

Yeasts from glacial ice of Patagonian Andes, Argentina

Comparison of the oxidative stress response of two Antarctic fungi to different growth temperatures

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