Fungi, Bacteria, Nano-particulates, Mycotoxins and Human Health in Water- Damaged Indoor Environments

Thrasher, Jack D.

doi:10.4172/2471-9846.1000115

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Members of sect. Aspergillus are able to grow on all types of organic materials at low moisture levels, therefore this group of fungi is frequently reported from the indoor environment ( Samson et al., 2010 , Šimonovičová et al., 2015 , Thrasher, 2016 , Visagie et al., 2014a , Visagie et al., 2017 ). Since their wide distribution and environmental adaptation, sect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eurotium amstelodami and E. repens are two of the most encountered names in indoor sect. Aspergillus species ( Samson et al., 2010 , Šimonovičová et al., 2015 , Thrasher, 2016 ). The names A. montevidensis (= E. amstelodami ) and A. pseudoglaucus (= E. repens ), respectively, were chosen based on priority and new nomenclature rules ( McNeill et al., 2012 , Hubka et al., 2013a ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food

Chen¹,

Hubka²,

Frisvad³

et al. 2017

Studies in Mycology

118

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Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food

Chen¹,

Hubka²,

Frisvad³

et al. 2017

Studies in Mycology

118

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“…Along with fungi, damp mouldy walls are also a breeding ground for several species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which include Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Streptomyces 27 . Budding spores of these fungi, microbial particulates, volatile organic compounds, mycotoxins, and endotoxins of the bacteria contribute a great deal to household air pollution 28 .…”

Section: Sources Of Household Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household air pollution and its effects on health

Apte¹,

Salvi²

2016

F1000Res

130

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Household air pollution is a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in Southeast Asia and the third leading cause of disability-adjusted life years globally. There are at least sixty sources of household air pollution, and these vary from country to country. Indoor tobacco smoking, construction material used in building houses, fuel used for cooking, heating and lighting, use of incense and various forms of mosquito repellents, use of pesticides and chemicals used for cleaning at home, and use of artificial fragrances are some of the various sources that contribute to household air pollution. Household air pollution affects all stages of life with multi-systemic health effects, and its effects are evident right from pre-conception to old age. In utero exposure to household air pollutants has been shown to have health effects which resonate over the entire lifetime. Exposures to indoor air pollutants in early childhood also tend to have repercussions throughout life. The respiratory system bears the maximum brunt, but effects on the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and nervous system are largely underplayed. Household air pollutants have also been implicated in the development of various types of cancers. Identifying household air pollutants and their health implications helps us prepare for various health-related issues. However, the real challenge is adopting changes to reduce the health effects of household air pollution and designing innovative interventions to minimize the risk of further exposure. This review is an attempt to understand the various sources of household air pollution, the effects on health, and strategies to deal with this emergent risk factor of global mortality and morbidity.

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“…(1,3)-β-D-葡聚糖、内毒素、霉菌等真菌污染物具有过敏性、传染性和毒素效应, 敏感患者暴露其中可能会造成健康影响 [25] . 最近, 一项研究指出霉菌毒素和β-葡聚糖的共同暴露表现出协同促炎相互作用 [27] . 霉菌如黄曲霉 (Aspergillus flavus) 和烟曲霉 (Aspergillus fumigatus)等可在各类室内环境中大量繁殖, 进而引发变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病、鼻窦炎、院内感染等 [27,28] .…”

Section: 真菌性疾病unclassified

“…最近, 一项研究指出霉菌毒素和β-葡聚糖的共同暴露表现出协同促炎相互作用 [27] . 霉菌如黄曲霉 (Aspergillus flavus) 和烟曲霉 (Aspergillus fumigatus)等可在各类室内环境中大量繁殖, 进而引发变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病、鼻窦炎、院内感染等 [27,28] . 高浓度空气传播的烟曲霉孢子与重症监护病房中的侵袭性曲霉病爆发有关 [28] .…”

Section: 真菌性疾病unclassified

An overview about varieties and detection methods of pathogenic microorganisms in indoor air

Weng

Aili

et al. 2018

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Fungi, Bacteria, Nano-particulates, Mycotoxins and Human Health in Water- Damaged Indoor Environments

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food

Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food

Household air pollution and its effects on health

An overview about varieties and detection methods of pathogenic microorganisms in indoor air

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