Fungi and Oomycetes in the Irrigation Water of Forest Nurseries

Marčiulynas, Adas; Marčiulynienė, Diana; Lynikienė, Jūratė; Gedminas, Artūras; Vaičiukynė, Miglė; Menkis, Audrius

doi:10.3390/f11040459

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Among analyzed sequences related to Extremus adstrictus, only one sequence, from uncultured fungus clone 4248_135 closest to isolate from Kraków, does not originate from the stone material, but from irrigation water from a pond in Lithuania (Marčiulynas et al 2020). All uncharacterized cultures from the TRN collection originate from limestone material in Spain, TRN433 from the Central Mountain System and the remainder from Mallorca (Ruibal et al 2005(Ruibal et al , 2008.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremus adstrictus from a dolomite wall in Poland: the first report outside Mallorca

Owczarek‐Kościelniak¹

2020

Plant and Fungal Systematics

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Most species belonging to the Extremaceae family are rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), which have a deteriorative potential towards colonized substrate. Extremus adstrictus originally isolated from limestone formations in Mallorca is reported from a dolomite wall in Poland. It is the first non-Spanish documented occurrence of this species. Identification of the strain is supported by morphological and molecular analyses. Sequences of uncharacterized fungal cultures and environmental data are analyzed in order to verify probable distribution of Extremus adstrictus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremus adstrictus from a dolomite wall in Poland: the first report outside Mallorca

Owczarek‐Kościelniak¹

2020

Plant and Fungal Systematics

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“…Firstly, the results demonstrated that the seedling roots and the rhizosphere soil were inhabited by a high diversity of fungal and oomycete OTUs ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Table 2 ), thereby corroborating previous observations that the belowground habitat in forest nurseries supports species-rich communities of fungi [ 66 ]. Interestingly, the detected richness of the fungal OTUs can be comparable to those present in the forest stands of the same geographical area [ 59 ], even though the rarefaction analysis showed that the observed richness of fungal OTUs can potentially be higher with increased sequencing effort ( Figure 2 ). Secondly, our results revealed that the diversity and composition of the fungal and oomycete communities were partly dependant on the substrate (roots or soil) and/or on the host tree species ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It was found in deep-sea sediments [ 83 ], hydrothermal vents [ 84 ], stony corals [ 85 ], Antarctic soils [ 86 , 87 ], on the exoskeleton of soil nematodes [ 88 ], and on various plant roots [ 89 ]. A recent study has also indicated that M. restricta is one of the most frequently-occurring species in the irrigation water of forest nurseries [ 59 ]. Despite many investigations, remarkably little is known about the impact of M. restricta on plant health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA-Metabarcoding of Belowground Fungal Communities in Bare-Root Forest Nurseries: Focus on Different Tree Species

et al. 2021

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The production of tree seedlings in forest nurseries and their use in the replanting of clear-cut forest sites is a common practice in the temperate and boreal forests of Europe. Although conifers dominate on replanted sites, in recent years, deciduous tree species have received more attention due to their often-higher resilience to abiotic and biotic stress factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the belowground fungal communities of bare-root cultivated seedlings of Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Quercus robur in order to gain a better understanding of the associated fungi and oomycetes, and their potential effects on the seedling performance in forest nurseries and after outplanting. The study sites were at the seven largest bare-root forest nurseries in Lithuania. The sampling included the roots and adjacent soil of 2–3 year old healthy-looking seedlings. Following the isolation of the DNA from the individual root and soil samples, these were amplified using ITS rRNA as a marker, and subjected to high-throughput PacBio sequencing. The results showed the presence of 161,302 high-quality sequences, representing 2003 fungal and oomycete taxa. The most common fungi were Malassezia restricta (6.7% of all of the high-quality sequences), Wilcoxina mikolae (5.0%), Pustularia sp. 3993_4 (4.6%), and Fusarium oxysporum (3.5%). The most common oomycetes were Pythium ultimum var. ultimum (0.6%), Pythium heterothallicum (0.3%), Pythium spiculum (0.3%), and Pythium sylvaticum (0.2%). The coniferous tree species (P. abies and P. sylvestris) generally showed a higher richness of fungal taxa and a rather distinct fungal community composition compared to the deciduous tree species (A. glutinosa, B. pendula, and Q. robur). The results demonstrated that the seedling roots and the rhizosphere soil in forest nurseries support a high richness of fungal taxa. The seedling roots were primarily inhabited by saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, while fungal pathogens and oomycetes were less abundant, showing that the cultivation practices used in forest nurseries secured both the production of high-quality planting stock and disease control.

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“…The most common diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi are anthracnose, blight, canker, damping off, dieback, gall, leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, root rot, scab, and wilt ( Iqbal et al., 2018 ; Hussain and Usman, 2019 ; Jain et al., 2019 ). These diseases can generate significant losses in yield ( Godfray et al., 2016 ), quality and quantity ( Shuping and Eloff, 2017 ) in various agricultural systems ( Rodriguez-Moreno et al., 2018 ) of economically important agronomical ( Leonard and Szabo, 2005 ; Asibi et al., 2019 ), horticultural ( Agrios, 2009 ; Wenneker and Thomma, 2020 ), floricultural and ornamental ( Darras, 2016 ; Lecomte et al., 2016 ), and forest ( Ritz, 2005 ; Marčiulynas et al., 2020 ) plant species worldwide ( Malcolm et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Hariharan¹,

Prasannath²

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Phytopathogenic fungal species can cause enormous losses in quantity and quality of crop yields and this is a major economic issue in the global agricultural sector. Precise and rapid detection and identification of plant infecting fungi are essential to facilitate effective management of disease. DNA-based methods have become popular methods for accurate plant disease diagnostics. Recent developments in standard and variant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays including nested, multiplex, quantitative, bio and magnetic-capture hybridization PCR techniques, post and isothermal amplification methods, DNA and RNA based probe development, and next-generation sequencing provide novel tools in molecular diagnostics in fungal detection and differentiation fields. These molecular based detection techniques are effective in detecting symptomatic and asymptomatic diseases of both culturable and unculturable fungal pathogens in sole and co-infections. Even though the molecular diagnostic approaches have expanded substantially in the recent past, there is a long way to go in the development and application of molecular diagnostics in plant diseases. Molecular techniques used in plant disease diagnostics need to be more reliable, faster, and easier than conventional methods. Now the challenges are with scientists to develop practical techniques to be used for molecular diagnostics of plant diseases. Recent advancement in the improvement and application of molecular methods for diagnosing the widespread and emerging plant pathogenic fungi are discussed in this review.

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Fungi and Oomycetes in the Irrigation Water of Forest Nurseries

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

Extremus adstrictus from a dolomite wall in Poland: the first report outside Mallorca

Extremus adstrictus from a dolomite wall in Poland: the first report outside Mallorca

DNA-Metabarcoding of Belowground Fungal Communities in Bare-Root Forest Nurseries: Focus on Different Tree Species

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

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