Fungal Treatment Modifies Kraft Lignin for Lignin- and Cellulose-Based Carbon Fiber Precursors

Mikkilä, Joona; Trogen, Mikaela; Koivu, Klaus; Kontro, Jussi; Kuuskeri, Jaana; Maltari, Riku; Dekere, Zane; Kemell, Marianna; Mäkelä, Miia; Nousiainen, Paula; Hummel, Michael; Sipilä, Jussi; Hildén, Kristiina

doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c00142

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In this case, the high levels of crystallinity in the cellulose accelerate energy dissipation. The addition of lignin, an amorphous polymer, decreases the crystallinity of regenerated fibres (Ma et al 2015;Boukir et al 2019;Mikkilä et al 2020), reducing energy dissipation, leading to an increase in loss modulus (De Nardo and Farè 2017;Shrivastava 2018). The impact of residual IL on the dynamic mechanical properties of the composite fibre in this work is considered to be negligible due to the high efficient nature of the washing process.…”

Section: Viscoelastic Properties Of Precursor Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the influence of key parameters on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin composite fibres

Trogen

et al. 2020

Cellulose

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The high cost of carbon fibre continues to limit its use in industries like automotive, construction and energy. Since the cost is closely linked to the precursor, considerable research has focussed on the use of low-cost alternatives. A promising candidate is a composite fibre consisting of blended cellulose and lignin, which has the added benefit of being derived from sustainable resources. The benefits of blending cellulose and lignin reduce some of the negative aspects of converting single component cellulose and lignin fibres to carbon fibre, although the production from such a blend, remains largely underdeveloped. In this study, the effects of stabilisation temperature and the stabilisation process of the blended fibres are explored. Moreover, the viscoelastic properties of the cellulose-lignin fibre are investigated by DMA for the first time. Finally, the cause of fusion in the stabilisation is adressed and solved by applying a spin finish.Keywords Bio-polymer Á Cellulose-lignin composite fibres Á Low-cost carbon fibres Á DMA Á Stabilisation Á Viscoelastic Á Bio-resources

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Section: Viscoelastic Properties Of Precursor Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the influence of key parameters on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin composite fibres

Trogen

et al. 2020

Cellulose

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“…It should be noted that lignin tends to leach into the coagulation bath of solution-spun lignin-containing fibers [ 124 , 136 , 225 , 227 ], which may affect the solid content and performance of the final fibers. Apart from selecting the appropriate coagulation solvent [ 124 ], lignin leaching was lessened by the incorporation of modified lignin into wet-spun cellulose-based fibers, which favored the production of biobased fibers with more lignin retained in fiber structure [ 228 ]. The modified lignin had fewer hydroxyl groups due to the enzymatic radical oxidation reactions of lignin with white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa increasing the content of aromatic rings connected by carbon/carbon (C–C) bonds.…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

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As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin’s spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.

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“…Using the Ioncell Ò technology (Sixta et al 2015), we are able to dissolve mixtures of biopolymers in a protic ionic liquid and spin the solution into hybrid fibers. The obtained hybrid fibers are composed of two or more biopolymers forming nanoscale mixtures inside a micrometric fibrous matrix (Mikkilä et al 2020;Zahra et al 2020;Le et al 2020;Trogen et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid fibers like cellulose-lignin (Bengtsson et al 2019;Mikkilä et al 2020;Le et al 2020;Trogen et al 2021), cellulose-chitosan (Zahra et al 2020), cellulose-chitin (Ota et al 2020) or cellulose-betulin (Makarov et al 2018) have found applications in textiles (Ma et al 2015) or as precursors for biobased carbon fibers (Byrne et al 2016). The presence of a second biopolymer provides to the hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling the share of the biopolymer in the fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The macromolecular composition of the spun fibers can change in comparison to the initial biopolymers share used during the dissolution stage. Loss of biopolymers can occur during the dope filtration stage because of incomplete dissolution, or during the spinning operation due to diffusion and leaching of the biopolymers in the spin bath (Ma et al 2015) (Mikkilä et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics

et al. 2021

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Cellulose can be dissolved with another biopolymer in a protic ionic liquid and spun into a bicomponent hybrid cellulose fiber using the Ioncell® technology. Inside the hybrid fibers, the biopolymers are mixed at the nanoscale, and the second biopolymer provides the produced hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling its share in the fiber. In the present work, we present a fast and quantitative thermoanalytical method for the compositional analysis of man-made hybrid cellulose fibers by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with chemometrics. First, we incorporated 0–46 wt.% of lignin or chitosan in the hybrid fibers. Then, we analyzed their thermal decomposition behavior in a TGA device following a simple, one-hour thermal treatment protocol. With an analogy to spectroscopy, we show that the derivative thermogram can be used as a predictor in a multivariate regression model for determining the share of lignin or chitosan in the cellulose hybrid fibers. The method generated cross validation errors in the range 1.5–2.1 wt.% for lignin and chitosan. In addition, we discuss how the multivariate regression outperforms more common modeling methods such as those based on thermogram deconvolution or on linear superposition of reference thermograms. Moreover, we highlight the versatility of this thermoanalytical method—which could be applied to a wide range of composite materials, provided that their components can be thermally resolved—and illustrate it with an additional example on the measurement of polyester content in cellulose and polyester fiber blends. The method could predict the polyester content in the cellulose-polyester fiber blends with a cross validation error of 1.94 wt.% in the range of 0–100 wt.%. Finally, we give a list of recommendations on good experimental and modeling practices for the readers who want to extend the application of this thermoanalytical method to other composite materials.

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Fungal Treatment Modifies Kraft Lignin for Lignin- and Cellulose-Based Carbon Fiber Precursors

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Understanding the influence of key parameters on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin composite fibres

Understanding the influence of key parameters on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin composite fibres

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics

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