Fungal textile alternatives from bread waste with leather-like properties

Wijayarathna, E.R. Kanishka B.; Mohammadkhani, Ghasem; Mahboubi, Amir; Adolfsson, Karin H.; Ferreira, Jorge A.; Hakkarainen, Minna; Berglund, Linn; Heinmaa, Ivo; Root, Andrew; Zamani, Akram

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106041

Cited by 37 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The stabilized biomass was filtered through the vacuum filtration method (wet-laid) to form the fungal sheet. Though the sheet was initially brittle, glycerol treatment of the developed sheet increased the flexibility of the developed fungal sheet as shown in Figure 6 (Kanishka et al ., 2022)…”

Section: Mycelium Sheet Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of water contact angle showed the structure is hydrophobic initially and later turns hydrophilic with glycerol treatment and then again reaches hydrophobic with the binding process. The study also developed a small prototype application based on the developed mycelium as shown in Figure 6 (Kanishka et al ., 2022). One of the recent patents reported the use of woven and nonwoven textiles inside the mycelium fungal development to develop an intertwined structure.…”

Section: Mycelium Sheet Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumption of sugar is especially highlighted as important in much research since it is important to break down chitin which in return reduces the brittleness. It was found that many research works were performed based on 3D mycelium composites (Girometta et al ., 2019; Jiang et al ., 2017; Appels et al ., 2019; Girometta et al ., 2019; Jones et al ., 2020; Ghazvinian et al ., 2019) and composite sheets (Kanishka et al ., 2022; Attias et al ., 2020a, b; Chase et al ., 2019; Stewart et al ., 2020). However, there was a lack of research detailing the self-grown mycelium culturing process and application.…”

Section: Mycelium Sheet Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycelium as sustainable textile material – review on recent research and future prospective

Rathinamoorthy

Bharathi

Snehaa

et al. 2023

IJCST

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PurposeMycelium is an upcoming bio-based alternative material that has various applications in different industries. Mycelium materials used as composites, leather, construction materials and some are even available for commercial purposes. However, there was not much research found when it came to the application of mycelium as a textile alternative. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of mycelium in the textile industry and its possible applications.Design/methodology/approachThis review consolidates literature that refers the two major methods used in fungal mycelium production namely; as a composite and as a pure self-grown mycelium sheet. The study compared the current research status in this respective field and reported the scope in the pure mycelium development.FindingsThe results of the review reported that several research works are performed in composite production with different feedstock. The production methods and product development steps were well established for several applications from home utilities to construction materials. Whereas, in the case of self-grown mycelium sheet production only limited research works were found. Though the possibilities of engineered composite sheets are developed with various properties, research on self-grown pure mycelium sheets are at infant stage. Sensitive production methods, lower tensile, tearing, poor handle properties with brittle structure and non-uniformity in thickness are noted as limitations. Sustainable nature, self-grown three-dimensional nano-fibril network with porous structure are found to be advantageous.Originality/valueThe solid culture method was identified as a potential method to develop a sheet-like self-grown mycelium with different dimensions. The review results clearly show the lack of research in the direct application of self-grown pure mycelium area concerning feedstock material, fungal species selection and characterization of the developed product. Addressing the existing limitations will yield a sustainable textile material for fashion and textile industry with great potential.

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Section: Mycelium Sheet Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycelium Sheet Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycelium Sheet Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mycelium as sustainable textile material – review on recent research and future prospective

Rathinamoorthy

Bharathi

Snehaa

et al. 2023

IJCST

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Glycerol and a bio-based binder were used in the treatment of this leather-like material, which was successfully used to create a prototype phone pouch as well as a coin wallet. Sheets of the untreated material with only glycerol post-treatment resulted in a tensile strength of 7.7 MPa, whereas sheets of the untreated material and tannin-treated material with both glycerol and binder treatments led to tensile strengths of 7.1 MPa and 6.9 MPa, respectively [ 63 ]. These two variations of mycelium-based leather substitutes demonstrate the influence that post-processing methods have over material characteristics.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling up Architectural Applications of Mycelium-Based Materials with Digital Fabrication

et al. 2022

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In an increasing effort to address the environmental challenges caused by the currently linear economic paradigm of “produce, use, and discard”, the construction industry has been shifting towards a more circular model. A circular economy requires closing of the loops, where the end-of-life of a building is considered more carefully, and waste is used as a resource. In comparison to traditional building materials such as timber, steel and concrete, mycelium-based materials are renewable alternatives that use organic agricultural and industrial waste as a key ingredient for production, and do not rely on mass extraction or exploitation of valuable finite or non-finite resources. Mycelium-based materials have shown their potential as a more circular and economically competitive alternative to conventional synthetic materials in numerous industries ranging from packaging, electronic prototyping, furniture, fashion to architecture. However, application of mycelium-based materials in the construction industry has been limited to small-scale prototypes and architectural installations due to low mechanical properties, lack of standardisation in production methods and material characterisation. This paper aims to review the current state of the art in research and applications of mycelium-based materials across disciplines, with a particular focus on digital methods of fabrication, production, and design. The information gathered from this review will be synthesised to identify key challenges in scaling up applications of mycelium-based materials as load-bearing structural elements in architecture and suggest opportunities and directions for future research.

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“…So far FF were employed at industrial scale for bioproduction of several important products such as enzymes, organic acids and antibiotics. Moreover, intensive research in this field proved that FF may also be used for production of other valuable products such as biofuels (ethanol and lipids for biodiesel) [2], food/feed grade biomass with high protein content [3], cell wall-based materials [4] and many others [5] and as the agent for biodegradation of soil/water pollutants [6]. Due to the very high market demands, ethanol and edible biomass are probably the most sought products that may be obtained after edible strains of FF fermentation, and they could be produced simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Conversion of Bread Residues to Ethanol and Edible Biomass Using Filamentous Fungi at High Solids Loading: A Biorefinery Approach

2022

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Bread residues represent a significant fraction of retail food wastes, becoming a severe environmental challenge and an economic loss for the food sector. They are, however, an attractive resource for bioconversion into value-added products. In this study, the edible filamentous fungi Neurospora intermedia and Aspergillus oryzae were employed for the production of bioethanol and high-protein biomass by cultivation on enzymatically liquefied bread-waste medium at 150 g/L solids. The fermentation of hydrolysate by N. intermedia resulted in the ethanol titer of 32.2 g/L and biomass yield of 19.2 g/L with ca. 45% protein. However, the fermentation ended with a considerable amount of residual fermentable sugars; therefore, the liquid medium after the first fermentation was distilled and fermented again by two fungal strains (N. intermedia and A. oryzae). The fermentations resulted in the production of additional ethanol and biomass. A. oryzae showed better performance in the production of biomass, while the other strain yielded more ethanol. The final products’ yield ranged 0.29–0.32 g EtOH/g and 0.20–0.22 g biomass/g bread waste depending on the strain used in the second fermentation. The study shows that valorization of bread residuals by fungi is a promising option for the production of biofuels and foodstuff within the circular bioeconomy approach.

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Fungal textile alternatives from bread waste with leather-like properties

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Mycelium as sustainable textile material – review on recent research and future prospective

Mycelium as sustainable textile material – review on recent research and future prospective

Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling up Architectural Applications of Mycelium-Based Materials with Digital Fabrication

High-Efficiency Conversion of Bread Residues to Ethanol and Edible Biomass Using Filamentous Fungi at High Solids Loading: A Biorefinery Approach

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