Fungal survival during anaerobic digestion of organic household waste

Schnürer, Anna; Schnürer, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2005.09.007

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The establishment of biogas plants in cattle farms should help farmers remove animal waste, produce biogas, and fermented mass, which can be used as land fertilizer, animal bedding, or feed supplement. According to our results and previously published reports (6,8,22), anaerobic digestion under mesophilic conditions does not eliminate pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or fungi properly. In the examined mesophilic biogas plant, viable M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The process of anaerobic digestion in biogas plants takes place either under thermophilic (53 to 58°C) or mesophilic (30 to 42°C) conditions. Anaerobic degradation using thermophilic temperatures significantly reduces the number of bacteria; mesophilic digestion is not as effective in this regard (3,16,19,21,22,24). Problems can arise when digestate which is not thoroughly processed containing zoonotic pathogens is used as a fertilizer, for animal bedding (13), or for feeding purposes (I. Pavlik, personal observations).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a Farm-Scale Biogas Plant Supplied with Manure from Paratuberculosis-Affected Dairy Cattle

Slaná

Pribylova

Králová

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In this study, products from all steps of anaerobic digestion at a farm-scale biogas plant supplied with manure from paratuberculosis-affected dairy cattle were examined and quantified for the presence of the causal agent of paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, using culture and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells were detected using culture in fermentors for up to 2 months; the presence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA (10 1 cells/g) was demonstrated in all anaerobic fermentors and digestate 16 months after initiation of work at a biogas plant, using IS900 qPCR. F57 qPCR was able to detect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA (10 2 cells/g) at up to 12 months. According to these results, a fermentation process that extended beyond 2 months removed all viable M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells and therefore rendered its product M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis free. However, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA was found during all the examined periods (more than 1 year), which could be explained by either residual DNA being released from dead cells or by the presence of viable cells whose amount was under the limit of cultivability. As the latter hypothesis cannot be excluded, the safety of the final products of digestion used for fertilization or animal bedding cannot be defined, and further investigation is necessary to confirm or refute this risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a Farm-Scale Biogas Plant Supplied with Manure from Paratuberculosis-Affected Dairy Cattle

Slaná

Pribylova

Králová

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Rhizomucor spp. commonly contaminate air, soil, water, and organic matter, such as garden composting, municipal waste, cultivated mushroom beds, manure, leaf molds, grass, composted wheat straw, citrus waste composting, harvested wheat and sorghum dusts, dust from chicken stalls, guano, poultry droppings, and animal hair (2,24,231,279,302,340,349,356). R. pusillus is a frequent cause of mucormycosis in mammals, leading to abortion and mastitis in cattle, cerebral mucormycosis in cats, and granulomatous lymphadenitis in steers (159,235,274,279,350).…”

Section: Rhizomucor Pusillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

2011

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SUMMARY Rhizopus , Mucor , and Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia ) species are the most common members of the order Mucorales that cause mucormycosis, accounting for 70 to 80% of all cases. In contrast, Cunninghamella , Apophysomyces , Saksenaea , Rhizomucor , Cokeromyces , Actinomucor , and Syncephalastrum species individually are responsible for fewer than 1 to 5% of reported cases of mucormycosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis of, treatment of, and prognosis for unusual Mucormycetes infections (non- Rhizopus , - Mucor , and - Lichtheimia species). The infections caused by these less frequent members of the order Mucorales frequently differ in their epidemiology, geographic distribution, and disease manifestations. Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Rhizomucor pusillus affect primarily immunocompromised hosts, mostly resulting from spore inhalation, causing pulmonary and disseminated infections with high mortality rates. R. pusillus infections are nosocomial or health care related in a large proportion of cases. While Apophysomyces elegans and Saksenaea vasiformis are occasionally responsible for infections in immunocompromised individuals, most cases are encountered in immunocompetent individuals as a result of trauma, leading to soft tissue infections with relatively low mortality rates. Increased knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical presentations of these unusual Mucormycetes infections may improve early diagnosis and treatment.

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“…These laboratory-scale reactors (4.25 L) were processed semi-continuously and fed daily with source-sorted organic municipal waste (24). The two processes operated at moderate temperature (37°C) for a period of 660 d at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 g VS L −1 day −1 (g volatile solids per liter reactor volume and day) and at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 d. A portion of the feed to the experimental reactor was replaced with egg albumin powder (Källbergs Industries, Sweden), resulting in a gradual increase in ammonia levels in the process from 0.8 to 6.9 g NH4 + -N L −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Reactor Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Acetogenic Population in a Mesophilic Anaerobic Digester in Response to Increasing Ammonia Concentration

et al. 2011

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Changes in the acetogenic population were investigated in an experimental laboratory-scale biogas reactor (37°C) subjected to gradually elevated ammonia levels (0.8 to 6.9 g NH4 + -N L −1 ). A shift from aceticlastic acetate degradation to syntrophic acetate oxidation had previously been confirmed in this reactor. In a parallel control reactor, operating at constant ammonia levels (0.65-0.90 g NH 4 + -N L −1 ), acetate degradation proceeded via the aceticlastic pathway throughout the operating period (660 d). The acetogenic populations in the reactors were analysed using degenerated primers designed to target the functional gene encoding a key enzyme of the acetyl-CoA pathway, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS). The analysis consisted of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis coupled with the construction of clone libraries, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. The T-RFLP data obtained were statistically analysed by non-metric multidimensional scaling. The most abundant FTHFS genes recovered in the clone libraries were assigned to terminal restriction fragments of the T-RFLP profile. The results of the investigation clearly indicated that increased ammonia concentration substantially influenced the putative acetogenic population structure and caused two distinct shifts of the most abundant members; however, the identity of the dominating species remains unknown, as none of the genes had been identified previously. Despite the shifts in the population, the qPCR analysis revealed a relatively stable abundance of the acetogenic population throughout the operation.

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Fungal survival during anaerobic digestion of organic household waste

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a Farm-Scale Biogas Plant Supplied with Manure from Paratuberculosis-Affected Dairy Cattle

Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a Farm-Scale Biogas Plant Supplied with Manure from Paratuberculosis-Affected Dairy Cattle

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

Changes in the Acetogenic Population in a Mesophilic Anaerobic Digester in Response to Increasing Ammonia Concentration

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