Fungal Otomastoiditis: A Case Series in Immunocompetent Adults

Varghese, Reena; Nair, Reshmi M.; Kavalakkat, Frankie Jose

doi:10.1007/s12070-012-0527-4

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Fungal infections of the external ear canal (i.e., otomycosis) often coinfect with bacteria in cases of chronic otitis externa, particularly in the tropics (Conley, ; Reeh, ). Nevertheless, fungal infections rarely spread to affect bone tissue and in such cases cause a destructive rather than proliferative reaction in bone tissue (Conley, ; Hsu, Chen, & Wang, ; Reeh, ; Varghese, Nair, & Kavalakkat, ). Further, both males and females are at equal risk for developing otitis exerna (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Smith-Guzmán

Cooke

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The appearance of external auditory exostoses archaeologically has been attributed to aquatic activities in middle latitudes. However, recent clinical research implicates low sea surface temperatures, especially below a threshold of 19 C, as a stronger predictor of ear exostosis development than latitude. Here, we examine the frequency of external auditory exostoses in human remains from nine pre-Columbian archaeological sites in Panama, representing individuals from a warm, tropical region. Materials and methods:External auditory exostoses were recorded as present when an abnormal bony growth was observed macroscopically within the ear canal. The presence of exostoses was compared by right and left side, geographical region, sex, and degree of stenosis.Results: A total of 125 adult individuals made up the observable sample analyzed in this study.Exostoses were observed in seven males and one female. All individuals affected by this pathology were excavated from mortuary contexts along the Gulf of Panama-a region characterized by intense cold water upwelling in the dry season.Discussion: This study suggests that external auditory exostoses in pre-Columbian Panama affected individuals involved in habitual aquatic activities in the cold, upwelled waters of the Gulf of Panama. These activities appear to be almost exclusively dominated by male individuals.Ethnohistorical and archaeological records point to marine shell resource acquisition by deepwater diving as the activity driving exostosis development in pre-Columbian Panama. K E Y W O R D Sactivity markers, auditory exostosis, diving, Panama, upwelling

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Smith-Guzmán

Cooke

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The most common fungal pathogens of otomastoiditis are Aspergillus species ( A. flavus and A. fumigatus ). Other fungal pathogens are Candida , Mucor , Blastomyces , Scedosporium apiospermum and Lecythophora hoffmannii . Most cases of Aspergillus species otomastoiditis were diagnosed in immunocompromised patients and treated with long‐term systemic antifungal therapy and surgical debridement .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of fungal otomastoiditis requires an experienced clinical suspicion. In patients who have prolonged otorrhoea, otalgia and progressive audio‐vestibular symptoms despite adequate antibacterial therapy, the possibility of fungal infection should be considered . Aspergillus fumigatus is considered the most common causative organism of fungal otomastoiditis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otomastoiditis caused by Candida auris: Case report and literature review

Choi

Hwang

et al. 2017

Mycoses

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Fungal otomastoiditis is a rare disease, but can be fatal for immunocompromised patients. Recently, there have been increasing cases of otologic infection caused by Candida auris. Candida auris can be easily misdiagnosed for other species and treatment is difficult due to multidrug resistance. Clinician should be aware of this rare pathogen, and it should be treated with appropriate antifungal agent with surgical debridement.

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“…mastoiditis is usually seen in an immunocompromised host, though few cases have been reported in immunocompetent hosts as well. 6,7 Cryptococcus neoformans as a cause of fungal mastoiditis is extremely rare and all cases reported till now have been in immunocompromised hosts; however to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in an immunocompetent individual. Recurrent otorrhoea and other signs and symptoms suggestive of mastoiditis, which are not responding to regular medical line of ABSTRACT treatment, should raise a high clinical suspicion in the minds of the surgeon and should include cryptococcal mastoiditis as a differential diagnosis in such cases.…”

Section: Fungalmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a post-operative mastoid cavity of an immunocompetent individual: a rare case report

Gosavi¹,

Gupta²,

Gosavi³

et al. 2020

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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This is a case report of isolated cryptococcosis in the operated mastoid cavity of an immunocompetent individual. A 24 year old immunocompetent male who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy presented to the OPD with complaints of otalgia and recurrent otorrhoea, not responding to regular medical line of treatment and aural toileting. Microscopy and culture of the ear dischrage revealed Cryptococcus neoformans. The patient was treated with oral and topical fluconazole and recovered completely. Although rare, cryptococcal mastoiditis should be considered even in an immunocompetent patient, as any delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to fatal complications.

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Fungal Otomastoiditis: A Case Series in Immunocompetent Adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Cold‐water diving in the tropics? External auditory exostoses among the pre‐Columbian inhabitants of Panama

Otomastoiditis caused by Candida auris: Case report and literature review

Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a post-operative mastoid cavity of an immunocompetent individual: a rare case report

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