Fungal endophytes and their interaction with plant pathogens: a review

Zabalgogeazcoa, Íñigo

doi:10.5424/sjar/200806s1-382

Cited by 135 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The according theory of balanced antagonism states that in plant-endophyte interactions there is a degree of virulence by the fungal partner, the host plant having to defend to maintain fungal invaders below a given threshold (Schulz & Boyle, 2005). However, other authors believe that the long evolutionary interaction and the pervasive occurrence of endophytism indicates that fungi might compensate the cost of heterotrophism by playing some positive functions in the plant, such as improved adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses (Arnold & Lewis, 2005;Rodriguez & Redman, 2008;Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008;Saikkonen et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The roles and functions of these fungi in the host plants are mostly unknown and are the focus of interesting studies (Rodriguez & Redman, 2008;Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008). From an evolutionary perspective, horizontal transmission and high fungal diversity within the host are more consistent with antagonistic, rather than mutualistic interactions between the host and its symbiont.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Canals

Emeterio

Sánchez-Márquez

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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The sedge Carex brevicollis is a common component of semi-natural grasslands and forests in temperate mountains of Central and Southern Europe. The consumption of this species causes a severe toxicity to livestock, associated to high plant concentrations of the β-carbolic alkaloid brevicolline. This research was started to ascertain the origin of this toxicity. An exploratory survey of alkaloid content in plants growing in contrasting habitats (grasslands/forests) did not contribute to find a pattern of the variable contents of brevicolline in plants, and led us to address other possibilities, such as a potential role of fungal endophytism. Systemic, vertically-transmitted endophytes producers of herbivore-deterrent alkaloids are known to infect many known forage grasses. We did not detect systemic endophytes in C. brevicollis, but the sedge harboured a rich community of non-systemic fungi. To test experimentally whether non-systemic endophytes influenced the synthesis of the alkaloid, 24 plants were submitted to a fungicide treatment to remove the fungal assemblage, and the offspring ramets were analysed for alkaloid content. Brevicolline was the major β-carbolic alkaloid detected, and the contents were at least five times lower in the new ramets that developed from fungicide-treated plants than in the untreated plants. This result, although not conclusive about the primary source of the alkaloid (a plant or a fungal product) indicates that fungal endophytes may affect the contents of the toxic brevicolline in this sedge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Canals

Emeterio

Sánchez-Márquez

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Absidia, Cylindrocladium. As endophytes are reported to enter the plants horizontally through seeds (Zabalgogeazcoa, 2008), seeds from both varieties were used to inoculate the above mentioned fungi. According to Li et al (2004), seeds lose viable endophytes during long-term storage and the resultant plants from long-term storage germinated seeds are endophyte-free.…”

Section: June 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of endophytic fungi on plant growth and blast disease incidence of two traditional rice varieties

Atugala¹,

Deshappriya²

2015

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Traditional rice varieties, although low producers of yield, are more amenable to organic farming practices that cause less damage to the environment and human health. Improved growth and reduced disease incidence would produce higher yields, and endophytic fungi have proven to be effective in achieving these ends in wheat. With this in view, endophytic fungal assemblages of two traditional rice varieties of Sri Lanka i.e. Suwandel and Kaluheenati were evaluated for their effect on the growth and disease incidence of rice plants, because the endophytic mycoflora of these two traditional rice varieties and their effects have not been studied before. The most common and the highest occurring endophytes of both rice varieties i.e. Absidia and Cylindrocladium were tested to determine their effect on rice plant growth and the results showed that the plants inoculated with both fungal isolates showed significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in plant height, fresh weight and dry weight. Twenty two endophytic fungal isolates common to both rice varieties were screened using dual culture assay for their ability to control the mycelial growth of Magnaporthe grisea, the causative agent of rice blast disease. All tested endophytes controlled pathogen growth by coiling the hyphae around the pathogen and forming clamps and loops. However, Absidia and Acremonium showed the highest growth inhibition of the pathogen (100 %) and showed an abundance of the above inhibitory structures. The effect of crude culture filtrates of thirteen endophytic fungi tested using the diffusion plate method indicated antagonistic activity against the rice pathogen. In planta tests were carried out to assess the effect of three endophytic fungi i.e. Acremonium, Absidia and Penicillium on infection by M. grisea. Disease symptoms were observed only on the leaves of the rice plants grown from Penicillium inoculated seedlings and on plants used as controls sprayed with a 1×10 7 spores/mL suspension of the pathogen. Pre-inoculation with Acremonium and Absidia were effective in preventing infection by the blast fungus. No disease symptoms were observed in plants pre-inoculated with endophytes and in plants used as controls sprayed with a 1×10 5 spores/mL suspension of the pathogen. Twenty one endophytic fungi common to both rice varieties were assessed by the culture plate method in this study.

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“…Fungal endophytes, which colonize living plant tissues without causing any immediate negative effects (Hirsch and Braun 1992), are currently considered important because of their potential use in the biological control of plant diseases (Zabalgogeazcoa 2008). The use of endophytes may have some advantages over the use of chemicals, to which many organisms become resistant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo interactions between Trichoderma viride and Fusarium circinatum

Martínez‐Álvarez¹,

Alves-Santos²,

Diez³

2012

Silva Fenn.

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Fusarium circinatum, a fungus that causes pitch canker disease, has been present in Europe since at least 2003, when it was detected in northern Spain and found to be producing severe damage in tree nurseries and pine plantations. In this study, we tested a method of biological control of the disease with Trichoderma viride, a fungal species successfully used against many other pathogens. In vitro and in vivo assays were carried out to test the efficacy of this antagonist in controlling F. circinatum. The T. viride isolate exerted a significant effect on the growth of F. circinatum in the in vitro assay, reducing the length of the pathogen colony by half. However, although we tested three different concentrations of the T. viride spore solution, no clear conclusions were obtained with regard to the effects on the Pinus radiata seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first study carried out with the aim of using Trichoderma spp. to control pitch canker disease.

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Fungal endophytes and their interaction with plant pathogens: a review

Cited by 135 publications

References 45 publications

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Effect of endophytic fungi on plant growth and blast disease incidence of two traditional rice varieties

In vitro and in vivo interactions between Trichoderma viride and Fusarium circinatum

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