Fungal diversity and natural occurrence of fusaproliferin, beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in wheat cultivated in Santa Fe Province, Argentina

Abstract

The Fusarium diversity and the mycobiota associated with moldy wheat kernels from Santa Fe province, Argentine, was assessed. The wheat cultivated area in Santa Fe province is divided according to agrometeorological conditions into two zones: Zone I (northcentral) and Zone II (south). The natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins BEA, FUP, DON and NIV was also determined. Cladosporium was the most abundant of the 19 genera identified, followed by Fusarium, Phoma and Alternaria. Zone II shows a predominance of F. graminearum and F. culmorum. In Zone I, DON was present in 13/32 samples (range 0.43-3.60 mg kg −1 ) and NIV in 6/32 samples (range 0.11-0.40 mg kg −1 ). In zone II, DON was found in 11/21 samples (range 0.57-9.50 mg kg −1 ) and NIV in 4/21 samples (range 0.10-0.60 mg kg −1 ). BEA and FP were not detected in both zones.

Mycoflora study in a wheat flour mill of Argentina

“…and F. oxysporum 30%-. Both genera and species identified are in agreement with data reported by other authors (6,7,32,36) as regards abundance in cereals. Likewise, the same authors'…”

“…Although wheat is a susceptible cereal to Fusarium species in Argentina among other countries (6,13,15,21,31,33,34) low counts were observed in the present study, probably due to the good climatic conditions of the year, in storage and production quality of the environment -average RH 62 %-. Unlike the environmental counts, genera Cladosporium and Alternaria showed low figures, this would confirm that both genera would constitute an ordinary environmental flora.…”

“…After that, 1 g of each sample and 1 mL of each dilution was plated onto Petri dishes containing MEA, with the addition of chloramphenicol and dichloran (6,10). This step was carried out in duplicate.…”

“…Therefore, the evaluation of the environmental fungal contamination is an important starting point in those cereal industrialization plants, in order to ensure healthy working conditions and the quality of raw material (3,14,30,37,39). Although several wheat studies have been carried out during harvests in Argentina (6,13,15,21,33,34), scarce studies have been reported concerning the milling process (31).…”

Presence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins in tiger-nuts commercialized in Spain

“…The data evidenced for the FUS, are comparable with other authors that never detected this bioactive compound in grains from different regions of Finland (Jestoi et al, 2004) and also in wheat from Santa Fe (Argentina) (Basílico et al, 2010). However, Meca et al (2010) evidenced FUS in cereals samples of Spanish origin, and detected FUS in Italian corn samples.…”