Presence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins in tiger-nuts commercialized in Spain

Sebastià, Natividad; Meca, Giuseppe; Castillo, José Miguel Soriano del; Mañes, Jordi

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.040

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, in recent years, mycotoxin research has broadened upon other Fusarium mycotoxins such as fusaproliferin (FUS), beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENN), and moniliformin (MON) often called emerging Fusarium mycotoxins. Evidence of their occurrence in different food products has been reported [ 13 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ], thus posing a severe challenge in some parts of the world. Little or no appreciable study has been carried out on the occurrence of these mycotoxins in food and food products in SSA ( Table 4 ).…”

Section: Occurrence Of Fusarium Mycotoxins In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Emerging Trends and Post-Harvest Mitigation Strategies towards Food Control

Chilaka

Boevre

Atanda

et al. 2017

Toxins

100

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Fusarium fungi are common plant pathogens causing several plant diseases. The presence of these molds in plants exposes crops to toxic secondary metabolites called Fusarium mycotoxins. The most studied Fusarium mycotoxins include fumonisins, zearalenone, and trichothecenes. Studies have highlighted the economic impact of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. These arrays of toxins have been implicated as the causal agents of wide varieties of toxic health effects in humans and animals ranging from acute to chronic. Global surveillance of Fusarium mycotoxins has recorded significant progress in its control; however, little attention has been paid to Fusarium mycotoxins in sub-Saharan Africa, thus translating to limited occurrence data. In addition, legislative regulation is virtually non-existent. The emergence of modified Fusarium mycotoxins, which may contribute to additional toxic effects, worsens an already precarious situation. This review highlights the status of Fusarium mycotoxins in sub-Saharan Africa, the possible food processing mitigation strategies, as well as future perspectives.

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Section: Occurrence Of Fusarium Mycotoxins In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The Status of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Emerging Trends and Post-Harvest Mitigation Strategies towards Food Control

Chilaka

Boevre

Atanda

et al. 2017

Toxins

100

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“…A number of studies have already been performed to evaluate the amount of BEA and ENNs present in 1 food, as absorption of mycotoxins often occurs by ingestion of contaminated food. [27][28][29][30][31][32] However, inhalation and dermal exposure to air, dust and food (such as fruit waxes for example), containing these toxins may not be overlooked as well. 33 To date, only two studies, both in school buildings, have investigated the amount of BEA and ENNs in airborne samples 34,35 and up till now, no studies have been performed to investigate the transdermal behaviour of these cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human skin permeation of emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin and enniatins)

Taevernier

Veryser

Roche

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Currently, dermal exposure data of cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins are completely absent. There is a lack of understanding about the local skin and systemic kinetics and effects, despite their widespread skin contact and intrinsic hazard. Therefore, we provide a quantitative characterisation of their dermal kinetics. The emerging mycotoxins enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) were used as model compounds and their transdermal kinetics were quantitatively evaluated, using intact and damaged human skin in an in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS analytics. We demonstrated that all investigated mycotoxins are able to penetrate through the skin. ENN B showed the highest permeation (kp,v=9.44 × 10(-6) cm/h), whereas BEA showed the lowest (kp,v=2.35 × 10(-6) cm/h) and the other ENNs ranging in between. Combining these values with experimentally determined solubility data, Jmax values ranging from 0.02 to 0.35 μg/(cm(2) h) for intact skin and from 0.07 to 1.11 μg/(cm(2) h) for damaged skin were obtained. These were used to determine the daily dermal exposure (DDE) in a worst-case scenario. On the other hand, DDE's for a typical occupational scenario were calculated based on real-life mycotoxin concentrations for the industrial exposure of food-related workers. In the latter case, for contact with intact human skin, DDE's up to 0.0870 ng/(kg BW × day) for ENN A were calculated, whereas for impaired skin barrier this can even rise up to 0.3209 ng/(kg BW × day) for ENN B1. This knowledge is needed for the risk assessment after skin exposure of contaminated food, feed, indoor surfaces and airborne particles with mycotoxins.

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“…The extraction and clean-up procedure is the most important step in multi-mycotoxin methods, especially when various different types of complex food matrices need to be analyzed for a total diet study. In previous works, several solvents have been successfully used for the extraction of emerging mycotoxins from certain food matrices [51,52,53,54,55,56]. Due to the weak acidity of TeA and AOH, a phosphate buffer (0.05 mol L −1 , pH 3.0) was used to prepare the extraction solvent to enhance the solubility of acid compounds in the acetonitrile/methanol/water (45/10/45) mixture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Sensitive and Reliable UPLC-MS/MS Methods for Food Analysis of Emerging Mycotoxins in China Total Diet Study

Sun

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2019

Toxins

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With the climatic changes that have taken place during the last decade, the spectrum of fungal pathogens as well as mycotoxins has considerably changed. As a result, some emerging mycotoxins have been shown to occur frequently in agricultural products. In this study, a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of 10 emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin, enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B, enniatin B1, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, and tenuazonic acid) in 12 different food matrices (cereals, legumes, potatoes, meats, eggs, aquatic foods, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, sugars, beverages, and alcohol beverages) was developed and validated. After a simple extraction, a one-step sample clean-up by a HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) column was sufficient for all 12 food matrices prior to analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Isotope internal standards 13C-TeA, TEN-d3, and 13C-AFB2 were used for accurate quantification. Validation in terms of linearity, selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision (intra and inter-day variability) were evaluated for the 10 mycotoxins in all selected matrices. The sensitivity varied from 0.0004 to 0.3 ng mL−1 (limits of detection) and from 0.002 to 0.9 ng mL−1 (limits of quantitation). The recoveries of 10 mycotoxins in fortified samples were from 60.6% to 164% including very low spiking levels in all 12 food matrices, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 12%. The proposed methodology was applied to the analysis of 60 samples collected from five provinces within the 6th China Total Diet Study with the results discussed in detail. The advantages of sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness made it a powerful tool for emerging mycotoxin monitoring and dietary exposure assessment.

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Presence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins in tiger-nuts commercialized in Spain

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

The Status of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Emerging Trends and Post-Harvest Mitigation Strategies towards Food Control

The Status of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Emerging Trends and Post-Harvest Mitigation Strategies towards Food Control

Human skin permeation of emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin and enniatins)

Development of Sensitive and Reliable UPLC-MS/MS Methods for Food Analysis of Emerging Mycotoxins in China Total Diet Study

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