Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes

Abstract

Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists ofArmillariaorH. annosum(i.e.Clonostachys + Trichodermaspp.,Penicillium commune, P. daleae,P. janczewskii) or stimulants ofArmillaria(i.e.Pseudogymnoascus roseus,Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance ofP. commune, and locally the abundance ofP. janczewskiiincreased, whileClonostachys + Trichodermaspp., and locally,P. daleaeandT. opacumdecreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.

Different Selectivity in Fungal Communities Between Manure and Mineral Fertilizers: A Study in an Alkaline Soil After 30 Years Fertilization

“…Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes has been shown to increase proportion (Freedman et al, 2015 ; Mueller et al, 2015 ) but Dothideomycetes decreased with N fertilization (Freedman et al, 2015 ; Zhou et al, 2016 ). The changes of class Dothideomycetes in this study were mainly driven by the genus Pseudogymnoascus , which is known as saprotrophic fungi (Małecka et al, 2015 ). Moreover, the genus Tetracladium drove the changes of class Leotiomycetes in mineral fertilized soil, and is known as common root fungi (Sati et al, 2009 ) which has potential to benefit the growth and nutrient acquisition of their host plants.…”

Effects of preparation of clear‐cut forest sites on the soil mycobiota with consequences for Scots pine growth and health

“…Effects of amending the soil with organic matter were inconsistent. In the studies of Małecka and Kwaśna () and Małecka et al (), there were general or local, seasonal or continuous decreases or increases, often significant, in abundance of Clonostachys + Trichoderma, Penicillium + Talaromyces , Pseudogymnoascus , mycorrhizal Oidiodendron and entomopathogenic and nematophagous species.…”

“…Differences in soil fungal communities in managed and unmanaged forests or across temperate forest ecosystems have been studied in Germany (Goldmann et al, ; Wubet et al, ; Yurkov, Kemler, & Begerow, ) and in France (Buée et al, ). In Poland, the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in forest soils after different post‐harvest woody debris applications and pre‐planting soil preparations have been studied by Kwaśna, Łakomy, Gornowicz, Behnke‐Borowczyk et al, (), Kwaśna, Łakomy, Gornowicz, Mikiciński et al, (), Kwaśna, Walkowiak, Łakomy et al, (), Małecka & Kwaśna, () and Małecka, Kwaśna, & Szewczyk, (). The classical soil‐dilution method used by Kwaśna, Łakomy, Gornowicz, Mikiciński et al, () and Kwaśna, Walkowiak, Łakomy et al () enabled detection of active microfungi from the Ascomycota and Zygomycota.…”

Non-chemical control of Armillaria mellea infection of Prunus persica

“…Mulches of bark and fresh woody debris of Scots pine increased soil microbial activity and organisms (fungi) eleven years after treatment. In this study both Trichoderma koingii and fresh wood and bark mulches applied to soil increased T. verde [6]. Tree wood products such as yardwste or tree trimmings wastes are effective substrate for culture of many different fungi including Trichoderma spp.…”