Fungal Bioactive Anthraquinones and Analogues

Masi, Marco

doi:10.3390/toxins12110714

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(42 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anthraquinones are a group of polyketides containing eight C2 units, which generates in turn with three aldol type condensations of the carbon skeleton of anthraquinones except for the two carbonyl oxygens of the central ring [ 74 ]. The structures of fungal phytotoxic anthraquinones are shown in Figure 11 .…”

Section: Polyketidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides.

show abstract

Section: Polyketidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terpestacin ( 359 ) was also isolated from Neufusicoccum batangarum , the causal agent of the scabby canker of cactus pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica ). Terpestacin ( 359 ) showed phytotoxicity on either tomato with the leaf puncture assay or cactus pear with cladode puncture assay [ 74 ].…”

Section: Terpenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity have already been isolated from different fungi [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. These metabolites belong to diverse structural classes of naturally occurring compounds (e.g., alkaloids, anthraquinones, poliketides, terpenes, steroids), and most of them possess original modes of action to overcome antimicrobial resistance [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Metabolites with Antagonistic Activity against Fungi of Lithic Substrata

Masi¹,

Petraretti

Natale

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungi are among the biotic agents that can cause deterioration of building stones and cultural heritage. The most common methods used to control fungal spread and growth are based on chemical pesticides. However, the massive use of these synthetic chemicals produces heavy environmental pollution and risk to human and animal health. Furthermore, their use is time dependent and relies on the repetition of treatments, which increases the possibility of altering building stones and culture heritage through environmental contamination. One alternative is the use of natural products with high antifungal activity, which can result in reduced toxicity and deterioration of archeological remains. Recently, three fungal strains, namely Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum, were isolated as damaging agents from the external tuff wall of the Roman remains “Villa of Poppea” in Oplontis, Naples, Italy. In this manuscript, three selected fungal metabolites, namely cyclopaldic acid, cavoxin and epi-epoformin, produced by fungi pathogenic for forest plants, were evaluated as potential antifungal compounds against the above fungi. Cavoxin and epi-epoformin showed antifungal activity against Asperigillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, while cyclopaldic acid showed no activity when tested on the three fungi. The same antifungal activity was observed in vitro experiments on infected stones of the Neapolitan yellow tuff (NYT), a volcanic lithotype widely diffused in the archeological sites of Campania, Italy. This study represents a first step in the use of these two fungal metabolites to allow better preservation of artworks and to guarantee the conditions suitable for their conservation.

show abstract

“…1,2 Besides their use as dyes, anthraquinones have been applied for medicinal purposes for centuries. 3,4 Among these, 3-deoxygenated anthra-9,10-quinones such as chrysophanol (1),5-7 aloe-emodin (2), 8,9 3-methoxychrysazin (3), 10,11 rhein (4), 12,13 1,3,8-trihydroxy emodin (5), 11,14 dantron (6) [15][16][17] and 1-O-methylchrysophanol (7) 18 have a wide occurrence (Fig. 1A).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A). 21,22 Apart from their importance as bioactive compounds, some of these also act as precursors in the biosynthesis of dianhydrorugulosin (11), 23 dianhydrocytoskyrin (12), 23 cladofulvin (13), 24 revenelin (14) 25 and agnestin A (15). 26 The common structural feature of metabolites 1-15 is the absence of a hydroxyl in the 3-position, which is most likely the result of post aromatic modifications of anthraquinones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%