Fünf Jahrzehnte Polystyrol – Chemie und Physik einer Pioniersubstanz im Überblick

Abstract

Hermann Staudinger, der Begründer der Polymerchemie, wäre 1981 hundert Jahre alt geworden. Eine der Schlüsselsubstanzen, an denen er den Aufbau der Hochpolymere aufklärte, war Polystyrol. – Polystyrol, einer der bedeutendsten thermoplastischen Kunststoffe, wird seit fünfzig Jahren industriell erzeugt. Es hat nicht nur unser tägliches Leben erleichtert, es war auch Modellsubstanz für den Auf‐ und Ausbau der Polymerchemie und ‐physik, es war Pioniermaterial für den verfahrenstechnischen Umgang mit Polymerlösungen und ‐schmelzen. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Entwicklung und den gegenwärtigen Stand der Kenntnisse über die Polymerisation des Styrols und über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur und Eigenschaften.

Block Copolymer Synthesis by Styrene Polymerization Initiated with Nitroxy-Functionalized Polybutadiene

“…The presence of elastomeric poly(BD) domains in blends of poly(ST) and poly(BD) imparts impact resistance to the blends. , These high-impact poly(ST)s (HIPS) are very important materials in commerce, with >100 million tons/year being produced globally. Unfortunately, the poly(BD) domains are large enough to scatter visible light, thus causing the blends to be opaque and restricting their use for nontransparent applications.…”

Toughened blends of polystyrene and polybutadiene filled with chalk

“…PS crazes visibly, with well-defined craze^.^'^^ PS filled with chalk did not craze, being too brittle, while the blends PS/BR and the filled blends PS/BR/ chalk exhibited, in the concentration range of [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] vol % of BR and chalk, pronounced stress whitening due to multicrazing. The micromechanics of the filled blends PS/BR/chalk were studied using different microscopic methods and different test specimens.…”

Heterogeneous bulk polymerization of styrene in the presence of polybutadiene: Calculation of the macromolecular structure

“…In the finishing stage, the temperature is increased to about 150°C, the system is gently stirred to avoid destroying the developed morphology, and the final conversion reaches around 75%. During the finishing stage, most of the primary radicals are generated by thermal monomer initiation, and the viscosity greatly increases 5. In the final devolatilization stage, the temperature is increased to about 230°C, and vacuum is applied to eliminate the solvent and residual monomer.…”