“…8,9,10,11 Despite these reports, in a study with 18 patients who showed all characteristic fundus and angiographic signs of white dot syndromes and had elevated serum levels of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibodies, no patient demonstrated evidence of Borrelia using immunoblotting methods. 11 …”
In this case report we aimed to present a case of Lyme disease presenting as peripheral retinal vasculitis, intermediate uveitis and multifocal white dots in the posterior pole. The patient exhibited vitritis and snowball opacities in both eyes. A diagnosis of Lyme disease was made based on clinical, angiographic and laboratory findings. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed optic nerve and retinal venous leakage as well as multiple hyperfluorescent foci in both eyes. The patient’s symptoms and ocular findings significant improved after treatment with a combination of systemic antibiotics and steroids. Ophthalmologists should bear in mind that conditions presenting with uveitis and multifocal white dots may be related to Lyme disease.
“…8,9,10,11 Despite these reports, in a study with 18 patients who showed all characteristic fundus and angiographic signs of white dot syndromes and had elevated serum levels of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibodies, no patient demonstrated evidence of Borrelia using immunoblotting methods. 11 …”
In this case report we aimed to present a case of Lyme disease presenting as peripheral retinal vasculitis, intermediate uveitis and multifocal white dots in the posterior pole. The patient exhibited vitritis and snowball opacities in both eyes. A diagnosis of Lyme disease was made based on clinical, angiographic and laboratory findings. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed optic nerve and retinal venous leakage as well as multiple hyperfluorescent foci in both eyes. The patient’s symptoms and ocular findings significant improved after treatment with a combination of systemic antibiotics and steroids. Ophthalmologists should bear in mind that conditions presenting with uveitis and multifocal white dots may be related to Lyme disease.
“…Usually the etiology of APMPPE is unknown but it is described in association of viral infections [81]. In patients with APMPPE interestingly, the lesions could be visualized very well by demarcated increased AF, which enhance after days to weeks and than decrease again leading to RPE atrophy after one year [26]; (Fig. 7).…”
Section: Amentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Thus all conditions affecting the RPE should have an influence on AF patterns. This also includes inflammation of RPE cells as in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE); [26] and especially biological reactions of the RPE to conventional laserphotocoagulation [25], which is widely used in ophthalmologic practice. Moreover AF changes could also be observed after selective RPE / retina laser treatment (SRT), a novel laser approach to treat RPE related diseases without affecting the neurosensory retinal layer, which will usually irreversibly destructed by conventional laser photocoagulation [21,55,57,58].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It might also be possible that affected cells die and reproliferation of bystander RPE cells cover the defect leading to multilayered RPE and thus enhanced AF appear. However, as confined to AF interestingly final RPE atrophy occurs after one year, and prognosis might only be good, if initially affected areas are not in the fovea [26]. Thus AF seems to be a suitable tool for monitoring biological reactions within the RPE cell even over months to years.…”
Section: Amentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Interestingly atrophy seems to occur after one year leading to significantly decreased AF in former lesions (Image adapted from Ref. 26). with idiopathic macular holes and clinically similar appearances were retrospectively evaluated [24].…”
Non-invasive imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) using autofluorescence became recently available with the introduction of confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopes. Fundus autofluorescence is usually excited at a wavelength of 488nm and the emitted light is detected above 500nm. This intrinsic autofluorescence was shown to derive from the lipofuscin accumulating within the RPE either with age or also due to different hereditary or degenerative diseases of the macula as e.g. age-related macular degeneration. Since a variety of macular diseases correlate with distinct RPE changes, specific patterns of autofluorescence could be evaluated within the recent years for diagnostic and prognostic reasons in those RPE-related diseases. Moreover autofluorescence can also be regarded as a monitoring tool after therapeutic applications as macular surgery or laser treatment. Other new applications try to determine macular pigment density using autofluorescence or use it to evaluate oxygen-dependent cell metabolism. This review summarizes the recent findings of autofluorescent patterns in specific diseases and therapeutic approaches and emphasizes on the tremendous potential of this novel imaging method.
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