Fundamentals of vaping-associated pulmonary injury leading to severe respiratory distress

Abstract

Vaping of flavored liquids has been touted as safe alternative to traditional cigarette smoking with decreased health risks. The popularity of vaping has dramatically increased over the last decade, particularly among teenagers who incorporate vaping into their daily life as a social activity. Despite widespread and increasing adoption of vaping among young adults, there is little information on long-term consequences of vaping and potential health risks. This study demonstrates vaping-induced pulmonary injury using commercial JUUL pens with flavored vape juice using an inhalation exposure murine model. Profound pathological changes to upper airway, lung tissue architecture, and cellular structure are evident within 9 wk of exposure. Marked histologic changes include increased parenchyma tissue density, cellular infiltrates proximal to airway passages, alveolar rarefaction, increased collagen deposition, and bronchial thickening with elastin fiber disruption. Transcriptional reprogramming includes significant changes to gene families coding for xenobiotic response, glycerolipid metabolic processes, and oxidative stress. Cardiac systemic output is moderately but significantly impaired with pulmonary side ventricular chamber enlargement. This vaping-induced pulmonary injury model demonstrates mechanistic underpinnings of vaping-related pathologic injury.

Spatial Transcriptome Uncovers the Mouse Lung Architectures and Functions

“…As a result, the gene expression pattern was roughly consistent with bin 50 and displayed more details ( Supplementary Figure S5A ). In addition, compared the distribution of genes and cells between Stereo-seq and a publicly available Visium dataset ( Esquer et al, 2022 ), the highest resolution of Visium is 100 μm which can not accurately reveal the location of genes in situ ( Supplementary Figure S5B ).…”

Cardiovascular consequences of vaping

“…However, signs of right ventricular dysfunction, such as chest discomfort and breathlessness manifest only after left ventricular function is compromised, ultimately complicating early assessment of pulmonary involvement [83]. Right ventricular remodeling observed in a mouse vaping model [84 ▪ ] implicates cardiopulmonary consequences that can contribute to not only cardiac remodeling but also increased risk for secondary debilitating conditions. Current studies suggest a correlation between vaping and atherosclerosis but additional experimental and clinical data is needed to define causality.…”

Danos pulmonares ocasionados pelo uso dos cigarros eletrônicos: uma revisão de literatura

“…Outro aspecto importante são os testes e exames utilizados que avaliam o processo pósexposição, tais como mediadores químicos pró inflamatórios, análise imunológica e frequência do batimento ciliar, visto que o surgimento da patologia pulmonar está relacionado com a alteração da homeostase, presença de macrófagos alveolares marcando uma maior inflamação tecidual, aparecimento de mediadores como as interleucinas IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, evidenciando o efeito citotóxico e o potencial risco de lesão tecidual. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar a relação entre o uso do cigarro eletrônico com o surgimento de patologias pulmonares em indivíduos expostos pelo aumento do risco de promover lesões celulares irreversíveis 8 .…”