Fundamentals of Two-Photon Fabrication

Fourkas, John T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35321-2.00003-0

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…For both, the final object is built in a layer-by-layer fashion as the build platform moves through the resin along the z -axis, whereas multi-photon, also known as two-photon, polymerisation (MPP), produces a solid object by focusing a femtosecond laser beam into the resin vat. The laser moves in any direction within the resin, so it is not a layer-by-layer technique [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Additive Manufacturing (Am) Fabrication Technmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Chips: Compatibility of Additive Manufacturing Photopolymeric Substrata with Biological Applications

Carve

Wlodkowic

2018

Micromachines

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is ideal for building adaptable, structurally complex, three-dimensional, monolithic lab-on-chip (LOC) devices from only a computer design file. Consequently, it has potential to advance micro- to milllifluidic LOC design, prototyping, and production and further its application in areas of biomedical and biological research. However, its application in these areas has been hampered due to material biocompatibility concerns. In this review, we summarise commonly used AM techniques: vat polymerisation and material jetting. We discuss factors influencing material biocompatibility as well as methods to mitigate material toxicity and thus promote its application in these research fields.

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Section: Overview Of Additive Manufacturing (Am) Fabrication Technmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Chips: Compatibility of Additive Manufacturing Photopolymeric Substrata with Biological Applications

Carve

Wlodkowic

2018

Micromachines

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“…and the requirements of the application (e.g., hardness, adhesion, biocompatibility, optical clarity, etc.). Though multiple photoresist formulations have been described, the majority used for two-photon DLW consist of soluble organic monomers or oligomers (typically acrylate derivatives) that are cross-linked, and thus made insoluble, by free radicals or cations produce by the exposure of a photoinitiator or photoacid generator [ 31 ]. The use of a tunable laser in the described rDLW system offers the possibility of printing with a variety of commercially available, custom, or proprietary photoresists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast micron-scale 3D printing with a resonant-scanning two-photon microscope

Pearre

Michas

Tsang

et al. 2019

Additive Manufacturing

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3D printing allows rapid fabrication of complex objects from digital designs. One 3D-printing process, direct laser writing, polymerises a lightsensitive material by steering a focused laser beam through the shape of the object to be created. The highest-resolution direct laser writing systems use a femtosecond laser to effect two-photon polymerisation. The focal (polymerisation) point is steered over the shape of the desired object with mechanised stages or galvanometer-controlled mirrors. Here we report a new high-resolution direct laser writing system that employs a resonant mirror scanner to achieve a significant increase in printing speed over galvanometer-or piezo-based methods while maintaining resolution on the order of a micron. This printer is based on a software modification to a commerically available resonant-scanning two-photon microscope. We demonstrate the complete process chain from hardware configuration and control software to the printing of objects of approximately 400 × 400 × 350 µm, and validate performance with objective benchmarks.Released under an open-source license, this work makes micro-scale 3D printing available the large community of two-photon microscope users, and paves the way toward widespread availability of precision-printed devices.Comments: Corresponding author: BWP (bwpearre@bu.edu). TJG and TMO contributed equally to this work.Conflict-of-Interest statement: TJG is an employee of Neuralink Inc.

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“…Two-photon absorption (2PA) is the simplest form of MPA, in which two photons promote a molecule to a higher electronic state, if their sum energy equals the transition energy [ 8 ]. The first photon excites the molecule to a very short-lived virtual state (femtosecond lifetime) whereupon a second photon can co-absorb nearly simultaneously [ 8 , 9 ]. The probability of 2PA correlates with the square of photon flux because it requires two photons to arrive at the molecule at virtually the same time.…”

Section: Multi-photon Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent literature on MPL is immense with numerous groups around the world advancing the-state-of-the-art every year. Comprehensive reviews on MPL state-of-the-art have recently been published elsewhere [ 1 , 3 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Multi-photon Lithographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Functional Microdevices in SU-8 by Multi-Photon Lithography

Golvari

Kuebler

2021

Micromachines

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This review surveys advances in the fabrication of functional microdevices by multi-photon lithography (MPL) using the SU-8 material system. Microdevices created by MPL in SU-8 have been key to progress in the fields of micro-fluidics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), micro-robotics, and photonics. The review discusses components, properties, and processing of SU-8 within the context of MPL. Emphasis is focused on advances within the last five years, but the discussion also includes relevant developments outside this period in MPL and the processing of SU-8. Novel methods for improving resolution of MPL using SU-8 and discussed, along with methods for functionalizing structures after fabrication.

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Fundamentals of Two-Photon Fabrication

Cited by 19 publications

References 101 publications

3D-Printed Chips: Compatibility of Additive Manufacturing Photopolymeric Substrata with Biological Applications

3D-Printed Chips: Compatibility of Additive Manufacturing Photopolymeric Substrata with Biological Applications

Fast micron-scale 3D printing with a resonant-scanning two-photon microscope

Fabrication of Functional Microdevices in SU-8 by Multi-Photon Lithography

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