Fundamental understanding of the proton and zinc storage in vanadium oxide for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Engineering the Proton-Substituted HNaV6O16·4H2O Cathode for the Ultrafast-Charging Zinc Storage

“…Vanadium-based oxides possess a high theoretical specific capacity due to the multielectron transfer of the vanadium element. − Therefore, a series of vanadium oxide materials have been fabricated and utilized as active cathode materials in ZIBs. The rapid kinetic reaction of the working battery is determined by the ion diffusion rate within the cathode materials. − There are several strategies to improve the fast-charging electrochemical property of ZIBs, including the generation of stable radical intermediates and the design of open-framework materials. , However, the low theoretical specific capacity with ultrafast charging property will also comprise the energy density of ZIBs. Moreover, the intrinsically sluggish kinetics of the Zn 2+ ion still limits the mass transport and charge transfer when the batteries are charged at a high current density.…”

Protonating imine sites of polyaniline for aqueous zinc batteries

“…The partially exfoliated graphene/graphite sheets atop the substrate constructed the 3D structure, facilitating the charge transfer of the electrode. 24 The fabricated PANI electrode was employed as the cathode for Zn-PANI battery, displaying a specific capacity of 139 mA h g −1 at the current density of 0.7 A g −1 (Fig. 1a, based on the active mass of PANI, 2.23 mg cm −2 ).…”

Simultaneous pre-intercalation of caesium and sodium ions into vanadium oxide bronze nanowires for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…The similarity of the geometrical shapes in the CV curves could be determined with the increase in the scan rates, followed by the slight movement of the cathodic and anodic peaks to low and high potential directions due to the polarization effect of faradaic reactions. Generally, the relationship between the peak currents (i) and scan rates (n) in the CV curves obeyed the power law relationship as follows: 43,44 i = an b (1)…”

“…The similarity of the geometrical shapes in the CV curves could be determined with the increase in the scan rates, followed by the slight movement of the cathodic and anodic peaks to low and high potential directions due to the polarization effect of faradaic reactions. Generally, the relationship between the peak currents ( i ) and scan rates ( ν ) in the CV curves obeyed the power law relationship as follows: 43,44 i = aν b log ( i ) = b log ( v ) + log ( a )Where a and b are adjustable parameters. As is well known, the slope of double logarithmic curves between the current densities ( i ) and scan rates ( v ) responds to the b -values, which is applied to identify the charge-storage processes involved in the diffusion-controlled and capacitive behaviours.…”