Fundamental studies on direct ammonia fuel cell employing anion exchange membrane

Suzuki, Shingo; Muroyama, Hiroki; Matsui, Toshiaki; Eguchi, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.043

Cited by 104 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, AEMs have been successfully demonstrated in ammonia fuel cells, [26][27][28] but there is no significant published work on AEM utilization O. Catalyst coated gas diffusion layers (GDLs) serve as the electrodes for the device, forming a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). This electrode approach allows a variety of cathode materials to be explored without using high heat to bond the electrode to the temperature-sensitive AEM material.…”

Section: An Alkaline Exchange Membrane-based Ammonia Generation Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia: A Low Pressure, Low Temperature Approach

Greenlee²,

et al. 2015

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This article describes the importance of nitrogen-containing compounds and describes the key role played by ammonia in multiple domains. Following a brief description of the traditional method to synthesize ammonia, the article highlights a low temperature and low-pressure electrochemical route for the manufacture of ammonia. The article posits that a successful electrolytic ammonia process would enable a new nitrogen fertilizer industry based on networks of distributed-scale, near-point-of-use production plants. A concept for an alkaline anion exchange membrane based device for electrolytic ammonia production is described. The challenges associated with engendering selective electrocatalysis for the half-cell reactions are discussed. Finally, a summary of the experimental progress made to date is presented and the future outlook for the electrolytic production of ammonia is discussed.

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Section: An Alkaline Exchange Membrane-based Ammonia Generation Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia: A Low Pressure, Low Temperature Approach

Greenlee²,

et al. 2015

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“…Pt/C, PtRu/C, and Ru/C were investigated as anode for AMFCs and it was found that the order of catalytic activity is PtRu/C > Pt/C > Ru/C (Suzuki et al, 2012). In AMFCs, although the alkaline membrane can still react with CO 2 to form CO 2− 3 ions, reducing the OH − ion conductivity but precipitates will not be formed.…”

Section: Recent Progress In Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Alkaline and Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonia fuel cells based on alkaline membrane electrolytes sound attractive but they also have drawbacks: first, it is difficult to identify a good anode and cathode catalysts; second, the crossover of ammonia through the polymeric membrane electrolyte may decrease the OCV and efficiency (Suzuki et al, 2012); and third, the oxidation of diffused ammonia at cathode may generate toxic NO (Suzuki et al, 2012).…”

Section: Recent Progress In Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Alkaline and Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as a Suitable Fuel for Fuel Cells

2014

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Ammonia, an important basic chemical, is produced at a scale of 150 million tons per year. Half of hydrogen produced in chemical industry is used for ammonia production. Ammonia containing 17.5 wt% hydrogen is an ideal carbon-free fuel for fuel cells. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia has many advantages. In this mini-review, the suitability of ammonia as fuel for fuel cells, the development of different types of fuel cells using ammonia as the fuel and the potential applications of ammonia fuel cells are briefly reviewed.

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“…The basic properties of AEM (A201, Tokuyama Co.) used in this study and the detailed procedure of screen-printing were described in the previous report. 9 The electrode area was 5.0 cm 2 , and the content of the ionomer was 0.5 mg cm −2 . The Pt loading amount was 0.5 mg cm −2 for each electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• C. 9 The OCV and performance were strongly dependent on the catalytic activity of anode for ammonia oxidation; e.g., the OCVs of cells with Pt/C and Pt-Ru/C anodes were 0.37 V and 0.54 V, respectively (anode gas; NH 3 humidified at 50 o C, cathode gas; 21% O 2 -N 2 humidified at 50…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbonate Ion Species on Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell Employing Anion Exchange Membrane

Suzuki¹,

Muroyama²,

Matsui³

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The effect of carbonate ion species on the direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) employing anion exchange membrane (AEM) was evaluated. The OH-form and HCO 3 -form AEMs were applied as electrolytes for DAFCs. The obtained current density of DAFC with HCO 3 -form AEM was 1/7 of that with OH-form AEM. This is because carbonate ion species in the AEM suppress the ammonia oxidation reaction on Pt/C anode. Under the presence of carbonate ion species in the electrolyte, the ammonium ion and carbamate ion were formed accompanied with a reduction in the ammonia concentration in the vicinity of anode. Recently, ammonia has been attracted much attention as a fuel for fuel cells due to its low production cost, ease in liquefaction at ambient temperature, and high energy density.1-3 Ammonia can be oxidized over platinum electrocatalysts in an alkaline aqueous solution at room temperature. [4][5][6][7][8] The anion exchange membrane (AEM) is an alkaline polymer containing quaternary ammonium or pyridinum function groups as ion exchange sites. In the previous report, we have demonstrated the direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) employing the OH-form AEM as an electrolyte and Pt/C as a cathode at 50• C. 9The OCV and performance were strongly dependent on the catalytic activity of anode for ammonia oxidation; e.g., the OCVs of cells with Pt/C and Pt-Ru/C anodes were 0.37 V and 0.54 V, respectively (anode gas; NH 3 humidified at 50 o C, cathode gas; 21% O 2 -N 2 humidified at 50• C). Furthermore, the permeation of ammonia through AEM also affected the OCV and performance. This finding suggested that the permeation of ammonia is inevitable even if the anode with high activity is developed. In the practical operating condition, moreover, the ambient air containing CO 2 will be used as an oxidant. However, CO 2 is the degradation factor for the cell performance, especially anode activity on H 2 oxidation.10 This is because the carbonate ion species (CO 2− 3 , HCO − 3 ) produced in AEM by CO 2 dissolution migrate toward the anode under a current loading condition, resulting in the condensation of these anions in the vicinity of anode.10-14 So, it is of importance to reveal the influence of carbonate ion species on the ammonia oxidation reaction over the anode.In this study, the effect of carbonate ion species on the performance of the direct ammonia fuel cell was evaluated by applying the OH-form and HCO 3 -form AEMs as electrolytes. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C anode for ammonia oxidation was studied under the coexistence of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in the electrolyte. ExperimentalFuel cell test.-For the electrocatalysts, Pt/C (Pt 46.4 wt. %, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo) was used as received. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was constructed by screen-printing the mixture of Pt/C and anion exchange ionomer (AS-4, Tokuyama Co.) on AEM. The basic properties of AEM (A201, Tokuyama Co.) used in this study and the detailed procedure of screen-printing were described in the previous report. 9 The electrode area was 5.0 cm...

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Fundamental studies on direct ammonia fuel cell employing anion exchange membrane

Cited by 104 publications

References 28 publications

Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia: A Low Pressure, Low Temperature Approach

Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia: A Low Pressure, Low Temperature Approach

Ammonia as a Suitable Fuel for Fuel Cells

Effect of Carbonate Ion Species on Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell Employing Anion Exchange Membrane

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