Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia: A Low Pressure, Low Temperature Approach

Abstract

This article describes the importance of nitrogen-containing compounds and describes the key role played by ammonia in multiple domains. Following a brief description of the traditional method to synthesize ammonia, the article highlights a low temperature and low-pressure electrochemical route for the manufacture of ammonia. The article posits that a successful electrolytic ammonia process would enable a new nitrogen fertilizer industry based on networks of distributed-scale, near-point-of-use production plants. A concept for an alkaline anion exchange membrane based device for electrolytic ammonia production is described. The challenges associated with engendering selective electrocatalysis for the half-cell reactions are discussed. Finally, a summary of the experimental progress made to date is presented and the future outlook for the electrolytic production of ammonia is discussed.

Progress in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia

“…The hydrogen source for ammonia synthesis in the lowtemperature experiments was either gaseous H 2 [66][67][68][70][71][72] or H 2 O [68,73]. The reactor cell configuration in these two cases were similar to those of Fig.…”

Electrocatalytic N2 Fixation over Hollow VO2 Microspheres at Ambient Conditions

“…[9] In this context, we need to explore more sustainable and greener approach to produce NH 3 .The electrochemical reduction of N 2 using water as a proton source is a particularly promising means to achieve this aim since it can operate at room temperature and atmospheric pressure powered by electricity produced from wind, solar or nuclear energy. [10][11][12] However, it needs active, selective and stable materials to catalyze the N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) and the catalysts play a significant role in NH 3 yield, efficiency, and production cost. A variety of noble metal-based NRR electrocatalysts have been investigated for NH 3 production at ambient conditions.…”

Co‐generation of Ammonia and H2 from H2O Vapor and N2 Using a Membrane Electrode Assembly

“…Recently, Renner et al published the first alkaline exchange membrane (AEM)‐based ammonia production cell at low temperature and low pressure . The feed gas stream was humidified air, which was fed to the cathode.…”

“…At the cathode Fe, Ni and Fe‐Ni nanoparticles over Pt black were investigated as catalyst. The ammonia production rate was 1.33 · 10 −12 –3.80 · 10 −12 mol s −1 cm −2 . An intensive catalyst preparation and the use of Pt result in higher costs compared to our titanium cathode.…”