Fundamental studies of a new series of anion exchange membranes: membrane prepared from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and triethylamine

Ion exchange membranes: State of their development and perspective

“…For example, a membrane with high water content recovers sulfuric acid from titanium white production waste containing sulfuric acid and ferrous ions [91], the analogous membrane with intermediate water content recovers mixed acid (HNO 3 + HF) from titanium leaching liquor [92] and a less hydrated membrane with ammonium aqueous solution simultaneously recovers sulfuric acid and nickel from electrolysis spent liquor of relatively low acid concentration [93]. Membranes of this series have been also used in electro-dialysis [94], nanofiltration or ultrafiltration [95][96][97] and anion exchange layer of a bipolar membranes [98], as well as in the separation of different anions [99,100], etc. As an example, Table 1 lists the basic properties of the anion exchange membranes of two catalogues: various aryl substitution with fixed benzyl substitutions or various benzyl substitutions with fixed aryl substitutions [91] and Scheme 2a shows the structure of such anion exchange membranes.…”

Diffusion dialysis of hydrochloride acid at different temperatures using PPO–SiO2 hybrid anion exchange membranes

“…Note that trimethylamine (TMA) was used here as the quaternization agent instead of triethylamine (TEA) in our previous work [24]. Quaternary amine groups from TMA are expected to possess better stability and electrochemical properties (such as ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity) than the groups from TEA [26][27][28][29].…”

Polyethylene-based radiation grafted anion-exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells

“…However, chloromethylation reactions require chloromethyl ether, which is a potent carcinogen, harmful to human health [12]. The synthesis of AEMs through radiation grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto polymer matrices has been shown to be an effective way of avoiding the use of chloromethyl ether [13][14][15].…”