Fundamental limits of high contrast imaging with continuous WFS&amp;C control in space.

Pueyo, Laurent; Pogorelyuk, Leonid; Laginja, Iva; Soummer, Rémi; Sahoo, Ananya; Coyle, Laura; Knight, Scott; Cahoy, Kerri

doi:10.1117/12.2594955

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…These unavoidable tens of seconds of delays may already be prohibitive for ground-in-theloop HOWFSC for future space-based coronagraphs that might operate and cadences as low as seconds. 45 Additionally, missions using data acquired through the DSN grade 2 service experience a delivery delay of minutes, 64 as well as mission's data handling delays prior to the start of processing. Such delays could be improved by tightly coupling the processing operations with the spacecraft datalink operations, such as with a dedicated ground station independent of other DSN operations.…”

Section: Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time cadence in which HOWFSC would be performed depends on the stability of the primary mirror and ranges from seconds to minutes. 45 Our highest and lowest estimates of throughput requirements are for dark-hole maintenance using an efficient implementation of "standard" EFC and summarized in Table 6. We assume that standard EFC is implemented via matrix-vector multiplication: multiplying the electric field estimate by the regularized pseudoinverse of the Jacobian whose (pre)computation time we ignore here.…”

Section: Throughput Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the observations, the wavefront drift due to subtle deformations of the OTA will result in loss of contrast. The DM commands would need to be updated relatively frequently, at a cadence of seconds to minutes, 45 to maintain a contrast of 1010 on next-generation missions. This might be achieved using either LDFC (relying on the bright part of the image) or EFC (with an optimal estimation approach that fully exploits the information available in the dark hole).…”

Section: Computational and Data Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unavoidable tens of seconds of delays may already be prohibitive for ground-in-the-loop HOWFSC for future space-based coronagraphs that might operate and cadences as low as seconds 45 . Additionally, missions using data acquired through the DSN grade 2 service experience a delivery delay of minutes, 64 as well as mission’s data handling delays prior to the start of processing.…”

Section: Radiation-hardened Processors and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assumption is that EFC or LDFC would be used with precomputed matrix inverses. A DM update would have to be computed once every 1 to 100 s 45.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational complexities of image plane algorithms for high contrast imaging in space telescopes

Pogorelyuk

Haughwout

Belsten

et al. 2022

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Future planned space telescopes, such as the IR/O/UV Large Telescope, recommended by Astro2020 will be used to directly image exo-Earths. They will employ high-order wavefront sensing and control (HOWFSC) to correct static and slow wavefront errors in the image plane to achieve contrasts better than 10 9 . Our work evaluates the computational requirements for HOWFSC algorithms and compares these to the capabilities of processors that are expected to be available during mission development. We find that HOWFSC creates unprecedented requirements for space-based computational power, such as the ∼10 13 floating-point operations necessary to generate the dark hole, based on the Large UV/Optical/IR (LUVOIR) study. In our worst-case estimates, maintaining an LUVOIR-size dark hole at 10 10 contrast might require up to several orders of magnitude more computational throughput than available on the most advanced radiation-hardened processor.

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Section: Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Throughput Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computational and Data Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiation-hardened Processors and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assumption is that EFC or LDFC would be used with precomputed matrix inverses. A DM update would have to be computed once every 1 to 100 s 45.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational complexities of image plane algorithms for high contrast imaging in space telescopes

Pogorelyuk

Haughwout

Belsten

et al. 2022

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Benchmark Computer Performance for Wavefront Sensing and Control on Next Generation Space Telescopes

Belsten

Pogorelyuk

Cahoy

2023

2023 IEEE Space Computing Conference (SCC)

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Evaluating embedded hardware for high-order wavefront sensing and control

Belsten,

Milani,

Pogorelyuk

et al. 2023

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI

Self Cite

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Future space telescopes such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will use coronagraphs and wavefront control to achieve the approximate 1010 starlight suppression necessary to directly image Earth-like exoplanets. Wavefront control algorithms such as Electric Field Conjugation (EFC) will control thousands of actuators at cadences of seconds or minutes. EFC uses a Jacobian matrix which maps Deformable Mirror (DM) voltages to the change in electric field at the image plane. The Jacobian matrix grows in size with the number of pixels, DM actuators, and spectral channels. EFC on proposed future telescopes like HabEx and LUVOIR will require as much as 25 GFLOPS (floating point operations per second). This level of compute density has never been achieved on radiation-hardened processors that are used on NASA Class-A missions such as the Roman Space Telescope. Previous work has focused on estimating the Compute Density (CD) of processors using assumptions about memory access characteristics and the parallelizability of algorithm implementation. Such analysis produces large uncertainty due to the assumptions necessary to compute CD. To refine the estimates of EFC compute capability of current generation processors, we determine the FLOPS performance of processors using benchmark tests which represent the operations mix and memory access patterns of EFC. The expected EFC iteration computation period on future space telescopes based on application benchmarks is reported. We have created a ray tracing optical model for the telescope assembly as well as a physical optics model for the telescope and coronagraph for the purposes of testing HOWFC algorithms. This testing can be applied to CPUs and FPGAs, representing a range of potential compute architectures.

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Fundamental limits of high contrast imaging with continuous WFS&C control in space.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Computational complexities of image plane algorithms for high contrast imaging in space telescopes

Computational complexities of image plane algorithms for high contrast imaging in space telescopes

Benchmark Computer Performance for Wavefront Sensing and Control on Next Generation Space Telescopes

Evaluating embedded hardware for high-order wavefront sensing and control

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