Fundamental frequency influences the relationship between sound pressure level and spectral balance in female classically trained singers

Collyer, Sally; Davis, Pamela J.; Thorpe, C. William; Callaghan, Jean

doi:10.1121/1.3132526

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…et al. 16,26 All the SB maps confirm the often-reported trend 16 , 24 , 26 that, on average, the energy in the high end of the spectrum increases faster than does the SPL, which leads to progressively higher SB values with a higher SPL. As there are large intra-individual differences, it is questionable if Figure 8 represents a valid generalization.…”

Section: E14supporting

confidence: 69%

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Feature Maps of the Acoustic Spectrum of the Voice

Pabon

Ternström

2020

Journal of Voice

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The change in the spectrum of sustained /a/ vowels was mapped over the voice range from low to high fundamental frequency and low to high sound pressure level (SPL), in the form of the so-called voice range profile (VRP). In each interval of one semitone and one decibel, narrowband spectra were averaged both within and across subjects. The subjects were groups of 7 male and 12 female singing students, as well as a group of 16 untrained female voices. For each individual and also for each group, pairs of VRP recordings were made, with stringent separation of the modal/chest and falsetto/head registers. Maps are presented of eight scalar metrics, each of which was chosen to quantify a particular feature of the voice spectrum, over fundamental frequency and SPL. Metrics 1 and 2 chart the role of the fundamental in relation to the rest of the spectrum. Metrics 3 and 4 are used to explore the role of resonances in relation to SPL. Metrics 5 and 6 address the distribution of high frequency energy, while metrics 7 and 8 seek to describe the distribution of energy at the low end of the voice spectrum. Several examples are observed of phenomena that are difficult to predict from linear source-filter theory, and of the voice source being less uniform over the voice range than is conventionally assumed. These include a high-frequency band-limiting at high SPL and an unexpected persistence of the second harmonic at low SPL. The two voice registers give rise to clearly different maps. Only a few effects of training were observed, in the low frequency end below 2 kHz. The results are of potential interest in voice analysis, voice synthesis and for new insights into the voice production mechanism. Keywords: Voice Range Profile (VRP)−Voice Register−Level of the fundamental−Harmonic-formant interaction−Spectrum balance (SB)−Spectrum slope−Non-linear source-filter interaction.

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Section: E14supporting

confidence: 69%

“…In this vowel configuration, the low band generally carries the SPL and becomes synonymous with SPL. This pattern is rarely broken 16 ; and never with the participants in this study.…”

Section: Topic 3: Energy At High Frequencies Spectrum Balance Sbmentioning

confidence: 55%

Feature Maps of the Acoustic Spectrum of the Voice

Pabon

Ternström

2020

Journal of Voice

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“…Descriptive characteristics of patients referred for SVT revealed that most patients had a history of vocal training, sang nonclassical music, and were not professional singers. Much literature to date has focused on the contrary profile, professional classical singers . Although classical singers are certainly susceptible to voice disorders, vocal demands of nonclassical music may predispose patients to more vocal injury, leading to a greater number of nonclassical music singers referred to SVT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much literature to date has focused on the contrary profile, professional classical singers. 18,[31][32][33] Although classical singers are certainly susceptible to voice disorders, vocal demands of nonclassical music may predispose patients to more vocal injury, leading to a greater number of nonclassical music singers referred to SVT. It is known that at least one area of nonclassical music, musical theater, demands a heavy vocal load; many musical theater performers are expected to perform in eight shows per week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singing voice outcomes following singing voice therapy

et al. 2016

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“…First, we separated the total frequency range into two bands following the procedure used in several studies of trained singers. 6,31,49,50 However, we adapted the frequency range according to the participants' gender, considering that the female formant pattern is scaled upward about 20% compared with the average male formant pattern. The two bands were 0-2 kHz and 2-4.5 kHz for the male participants and 0-2.4 kHz and 2.4-5.4 kHz for the female ones.…”

Section: Acoustical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Melody and Technique on Acoustical and Musical Features of Western Operatic Singing Voices

2014

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Summary: Objective. The operatic singing technique is frequently used in classical music. Several acoustical parameters of this specific technique have been studied but how these parameters combine remains unclear. This study aims to further characterize the Western operatic singing technique by observing the effects of melody and technique on acoustical and musical parameters of the singing voice. Methods. Fifty professional singers performed two contrasting melodies (popular song and romantic melody) with two vocal techniques (with and without operatic singing technique). The common quality parameters (energy distribution, vibrato rate, and extent), perturbation parameters (standard deviation of the fundamental frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, jitter, and shimmer), and musical features (fundamental frequency of the starting note, average tempo, and sound pressure level) of the 200 sung performances were analyzed. Results. The results regarding the effect of melody and technique on the acoustical and musical parameters show that the choice of melody had a limited impact on the parameters observed, whereas a particular vocal profile appeared depending on the vocal technique used.Conclusions. This study confirms that vocal technique affects most of the parameters examined. In addition, the observation of quality, perturbation, and musical parameters contributes to a better understanding of the Western operatic singing technique.

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Fundamental frequency influences the relationship between sound pressure level and spectral balance in female classically trained singers

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Feature Maps of the Acoustic Spectrum of the Voice

Feature Maps of the Acoustic Spectrum of the Voice

Singing voice outcomes following singing voice therapy

Effects of Melody and Technique on Acoustical and Musical Features of Western Operatic Singing Voices

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