Functions of the haversian system

Enlow, Donald H.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001100305

Cited by 107 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To determine if necrosis existed within the bone matrix of the mandible, segments were stained en bloc with basic fuchsin, a stain that passively diffuses into and fills all void spaces within the bone (Haversian canals, canaliculi, microdamage). This technique allows histological assessment of necrotic matrix regions as those regions which have lost patent canalicular/osteocyte networks are void of stain [Frost, 1960;Enlow, 1962Enlow, , 1966. We found significant amounts of necrotic bone matrix in approximately 25% of the bisphosphonate-treated animals that had been treated for 1 or 3 years ( fig.…”

Section: From the Bedside To The Bench: Working Toward An Animal Modementioning

confidence: 86%

Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Moving from the Bedside to the Bench

Allen

2008

Cells Tissues Organs

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Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has received significant attention as a potential side effect of bisphosphonate treatment. The limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the condition emphasizes the need to transition ONJ research from the bedside to the bench, supplementing ongoing clinical research with animal/basic science studies. The goal of this review is to briefly highlight the most commonly proposed mechanisms for ONJ and then summarize our laboratory’s recent efforts to begin transitioning ONJ research to an animal model. Remodeling suppression, disrupted angiogenesis and infection have all been proposed to connect bisphosphonates to ONJ, although most supportive data for each of these are either indirect or nonexistent. Our laboratory has begun studying the dog as a potential model of ONJ. We have shown regions of necrotic bone matrix within the mandible of dogs treated with oral or intravenous bisphosphonate. We hypothesize these regions are the result of remodeling suppression, and if combined with additional factors such as dental intervention or infection, would result in manifestation of exposed oral lesions, the clinical definition of ONJ. Although these findings suggest the dog may be a viable animal model to study ONJ, many questions remain unanswered. No matter what animal model is found to mimic the clinical presentation of ONJ, once established it will allow significant progress toward understanding the specific role of bisphosphonates in the pathophysiology of ONJ and if/how the entity of ONJ can best be treated and prevented.

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Section: From the Bedside To The Bench: Working Toward An Animal Modementioning

confidence: 86%

Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Moving from the Bedside to the Bench

Allen

2008

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Of all laboratory animals mice and rats are considered to have skeletons and bone biologies that are least similar to humans since their skeletons are modelling-driven due to permanently open growth plates at the epiphyses of long bones, a lack of the Haversian system and low cancellous bone content at the epiphyses of the long bones [100,[130][131][132][133][134][135][136]. However, studies in rodents are very informative and cost effective.…”

Section: Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies

Perić¹,

Dumić-Čule²,

Grčević³

et al. 2015

Bone

127

125

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“…Much of the information concerning osteon anatomy was first published over 30 years ago (Frost, 1961;Enlow, 1962;Cooper et al, 1966), and mainly involved the areas of osteons and their Haversian canals. Takahashi and Frost (1965) suggested that these indices could be used to explore the characteristics of cortical bone remodeling.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histomorphometric assessment of Haversian canal and osteocyte lacunae in different‐sized osteons in human rib

et al. 2003

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There is no detailed information available concerning the variations in bone, the Haversian canal, and osteocyte populations in different-sized osteons. In this study a total of 398 secondary osteons were measured in archived rib sections from nine white men (20 -25 years old). The sections were stained with basic fuchsin. The parameters included the osteon area (On.Ar), Haversian canal area (HC.Ar) and perimeter (HC.Pm), bone area (B.Ar), and osteocyte lacunar number (Lc.N). From these primary measurements the following indices were deduced: 1) lacunar number per bone area (Lc.N/B.Ar) and per osteon (Lc.N/On); 2) the ratio between Haversian canal perimeter and bone area (HC.Pm/B.Ar); and 3) the fraction of Haversian canal area (HC.Ar/On.Ar) and its complement, the fraction of bone area (B.Ar/ On.Ar). The results showed that the osteons varied greatly in size, but very little in the fraction of bone area. Regression analyses showed that HC.Ar, HC.Pm, and Lc.N/On were positively associated with On.Ar (P Ͻ 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between On.Ar and Lc.N/B.Ar (P Ͻ 0.05) and HC.Pm/B.Ar (P Ͻ 0.0001). HC.Ar and HC.Pm increased significantly with increasing Lc.N/On (both P Ͻ 0.0001) rather than Lc.N/B.Ar. Lc.N/B.Ar had a significant positive correlation with HC.Ar/On.Ar (P Ͻ 0.05) and HC.Pm/B.Ar (P Ͻ 0.01). We conclude that: 1) the size of the osteon is determined by the quantum of bone removed by osteoclasts, 2) the osteon is well designed for molecular exchange, and 3) a well designed osteon may be produced via the regulation of bone apposition by osteocytes during the process of osteon refilling. Anat Rec Part A 272A: 520 -525, 2003.

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Functions of the haversian system

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Moving from the Bedside to the Bench

Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Moving from the Bedside to the Bench

The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies

Histomorphometric assessment of Haversian canal and osteocyte lacunae in different‐sized osteons in human rib

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