Functions of actin in endocytosis

Abstract

Endocytosis is a fundamental eukaryotic process required for remodelling plasma-membrane lipids and protein to ensure appropriate membrane composition. Increasing evidence from a number of cell types reveals that actin plays an active, and often essential, role at key endocytic stages. Much of our current mechanistic understanding of the endocytic process has come from studies in budding yeast and has been facilitated by yeast's genetic amenability and by technological advances in live cell imaging. While endocytosis in metazoans is likely to be subject to a greater array of regulatory signals, recent reports indicate that spatiotemporal aspects of vesicle formation requiring actin are likely to be conserved across eukaryotic evolution. In this review we focus on the 'modular' model of endocytosis in yeast before highlighting comparisons with other cell types. Our discussion is limited to endocytosis involving clathrin as other types of endocytosis have not been demonstrated in yeast.

Multiple Functional Domains of the Yeast l,3-β-Glucan Synthase Subunit Fks1p Revealed by Quantitative Phenotypic Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants

“…Endocytosis defect in the fks1 mutants: Since actin plays roles in endocytosis (Robertson et al 2009), mutants defective in actin localization such as the class II and III mutants may have defective endocytosis. As expected, the class II fks1-1163 and class III fks1-1154 cells showed reduced levels of Lucifer yellow uptake in the vacuole, indicating that endocytosis is defective in these mutants (Figure 7).…”

Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Regulates Actin Polarization and Endocytosis via Multiple Pathways

“…Endocytosis-Our phosphoproteomic experiments identified several proteins implicated in the regulation of actin organization and endocytosis (Tables 3 and 4) (63,64). Highly conserved, clathrin-mediated endocytosis involves internalization and pinching off of the plasma membrane to generate an endocytic vesicle (Fig.…”

New Regulators of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis Identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Systematic Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy

“…NDOCYTOSIS is essential for numerous cellular activities including nutrient uptake, regulation of signal transduction, and remodeling of the cell surface (Robertson et al 2009;McMahon and Boucrot 2011;Reider and Wendland 2011;Weinberg and Drubin 2012;Boettner et al 2012;Kirchhausen et al 2014;Merrifield and Kaksonen 2014). Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a major endocytic pathway that collects cargo into a coated pit, invaginates and pinches off a vesicle, and transports the vesicle to endosomes.…”

“…Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a major endocytic pathway that collects cargo into a coated pit, invaginates and pinches off a vesicle, and transports the vesicle to endosomes. This process is carried out by a complex cellular machinery involving approximately 50 proteins to date (Robertson et al 2009;McMahon and Boucrot 2011;Reider and Wendland 2011;Boettner et al 2012;Weinberg and Drubin 2012;Kirchhausen et al 2014;Merrifield and Kaksonen 2014). CME is highly conserved throughout evolution and proceeds through a well-choreographed sequence of events where most proteins are recruited from the cytosol at specific times (Kaksonen et al 2003;Kaksonen et al 2005;Idrissi et al 2012;Kukulski et al 2012).…”