Functionally Graded Aluminum Foam Fabricated by Friction Powder Sintering Process with Traversing Tool

Effects of graded porous structure on local strain distribution under compression in silicone rubber

“…For example, bamboo plants have a lightweight and high toughness because their high strength fibers, or “vascular bundles,” gradually increase from the inner to outer areas of a cross section . Mimicking these biological systems, functionally graded materials (FGMs) are beginning to be widely applied in various fields . In the area of space development, FGMs composed of ceramics and metals are used as hybrid materials with high thermal protection and mechanical strength …”

“…If the sizes of the pores change gradually in the materials, the porous materials can obtain additional properties. According to advanced research by Hangai et al, graded porous aluminum has characteristic stress–strain curves that consist of multiple plateau regions . In addition, Hsu et al reported hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics with graded pores developed for dental implant materials .…”

“…2 Mimicking these biological systems, functionally graded materials (FGMs) are beginning to be widely applied in various fields. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In the area of space development, FGMs composed of ceramics and metals are used as hybrid materials with high thermal protection and mechanical strength. 7 One of the most attractive FGMs is a designed material having nanometer and/or micrometer-sized pores.…”

“…According to advanced research by Hangai et al, graded porous aluminum has characteristic stress-strain curves that consist of multiple plateau regions. 8 In addition, Hsu et al reported hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics with graded pores developed for dental implant materials. 9 Although these graded porous materials based on metals or ceramics have been studied in wider fields, [5][6][7][8][9] except for certain rare cases, there have been few studies concentrating on graded porous polymer-based materials.…”

“…8 In addition, Hsu et al reported hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics with graded pores developed for dental implant materials. 9 Although these graded porous materials based on metals or ceramics have been studied in wider fields, [5][6][7][8][9] except for certain rare cases, there have been few studies concentrating on graded porous polymer-based materials. [10][11][12] Graded porous polymers, which have a much higher flexibility than materials based on metals or ceramics, are promising for use near humans, such as in protectors and impact absorbing materials.…”