Functionalized wood as bio-based advanced materials: Properties, applications, and challenges

Beims, Ramon Filipe; Arredondo, Rosa; Carrero, Dennise Johanna Sosa; Yuan, Zhongshun; Li, Hongwei; Shui, Hengfu; Zhang, Yongsheng; Leitch, Mathew; Xu, Chunbao

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112074

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Furthermore, SRW-TC and SRW exhibited high UV absorption ability (Figure S6), mainly due to the residual phenylpropane and phenolic hydroxyl groups in WS and carbonyl groups, which enabled the SRW-TC to be potential engineering materials for shielding humans and the living environment from the adverse impact of solar radiation. , For pure vitrimers, the high transmittance and low haze might compromise privacy (Figure S7). Fortunately, the SRW-TC and SRW displayed high haze of 99.67% and 92.32% (Figure g), respectively, ensuring indoor privacy security, and their high light capture capability and long capture duration contributed to achieving enhanced discharge power output in light regulation and energy storage systems. , Due to the oriented cellulose nanofibrils along the z -direction yielding a discrete index variation in the y -direction (Figure S8a), the scattered light distribution of both SRW-TC and SRW (Figures S8b and S8c) revealed the highly anisotropic light scattering, which was facilitated to avoid light pollution, including glaring effects similar to transparent glass (Figure S8d). Overall, the SRW-TC and SRW with unique anisotropic imaging effect indicated the feasibility as optical management material, including energy-efficient buildings with increased light propagation range, , and optoelectronic devices with a strong light-diffusing effect. , …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable and Shape–Color Synchronous Dual-Response Wood with Thermal Stimulus

Tan,

Wang,

Dong

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Stimuli-responsive materials exhibit huge potential in sensors, actuators, and electronics; however, their further development for reinforcement, visualization, and biomassincorporation remains challenging. Herein, based on the impregnation of thermochromic microcapsule (TCM)-doped dynamic covalent vitrimers, a programmable shape-color dualresponsive wood (SRW-TC) was demonstrated with robust anisotropic structures and exchangeable covalent adaptable networks. Under mild conditions, the resultant SRW-TC displays feasible shape memorability and programmability, resulting from the rigidity−flexibility shift induced by the glass-transition temperature (34.99 °C) and transesterification reaction triggered by the topology freezing transition temperature (149.62 °C). Furthermore, the obtained SRW-TC possesses satisfactory mechanical performance (tensile strength of 45.70 MPa), thermal insulation (thermal conductivity of 0.27 W/m K), anisotropic light management, and benign optical properties (transmittance of 51.73% and haze of 99.67% at 800 nm). Importantly, the incorporation of compatible TCM enables SRW-TC to visualize shape memory feasibility and rigidity/flexibility switching and respond to the external thermal stimulus through the thermalinduced shape−color synchronous dual-responsiveness, which successfully demonstrates the applications of sensing temperature, grasping objects, encrypting/decoding icon messages, and so on. The proposed facile and highly effective strategy could serve as a guideline for developing high-performance multifunctional wood composite with promising intelligent applications in performance visualization, environmental sensing, materials interactivity, information dualencryption, local precision shape and color regulation, etc.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable and Shape–Color Synchronous Dual-Response Wood with Thermal Stimulus

Tan,

Wang,

Dong

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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“…Wood is porous material comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with plenty of hydroxyl groups. Many treatments on lignocellulosic materials have focused on modifying these hydroxyl groups to bring target functionalities (Beims et al 2022). Deligni cation of a wood is a widely utilized strategy to increase its porosity and make the hydroxyl groups more accessible within the wood structure (Fig.…”

Section: C Oohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, lignocellulosic materials including woody biomass or natural wood have been suggested as potential and innovative adsorbent materials for water remediation, including organics and heavy metals removal (Beims et al 2022). Through functionalization strategies, lignocellulosic materials can achieve good adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalizing natural wood and delignified wood into bio-adsorbents for removal of heavy metals in water

Beims

Kermanshahi-pour

2023

Preprint

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Natural pinewood and delignified pinewood were functionalized into bio-adsorbent materials for water remediation, particularly for removing heavy metals (copper ions). Wood was functionalized by esterification with maleic anhydride and citric acid, which increased the content of carboxyl functional groups for the chelation of copper ions. Effects of wood delignification and functionalization on the bio-adsorbents’ adsorption capacity for copper ions in water were investigated. Cu2+ adsorption capacity and the COOH grafting density showed an almost linear correlation with wood-based bio-adsorbents. Although the delignification of wood did not impact the adsorption capacity of the delignified wood functionalized with maleic anhydride, it significantly enhanced the Cu2+ adsorption capacity (attaining 0.22 mmol/g) of the delignified wood functionalized with citric acid (with COOH content of 0.50 mmol/g). Moreover, the delignified wood functionalized with citric acid showed only a 10% loss in the adsorption capacity after three regeneration cycles with acetic acid, showing a promising application as a bio-adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals in water.

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“…Naturally occurring lignocellulosic materials, such as wood and bamboo, are porous materials. However, to further increase wood's porosity and susceptibility to functionalization, the most common strategy is delignification [8], which is the first and key step in studying the functionalization of lignocellulosic materials. As a result of delignification, nanopores in the cell wall structure become exposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Chemical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo after Delignification Treatment

Gui²,

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Bamboo delignification is a common method for studying its functional value-added applications. In this study, bamboo samples were delignified by treatment with sodium chlorite. The effects of this treatment on the bamboo’s microstructure, surface chemical composition, and pyrolysis behaviour were evaluated. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to evaluate these parameters. The FTIR results demonstrated that the lignin peak decreased or disappeared, and some hemicellulose peaks decreased, indicating that sodium chlorite treatment effectively removed lignin and partly decomposed hemicellulose, although cellulose was less affected. The XPS results showed that, after treatment, the oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio of delignified bamboo increased from 0.34 to 0.45, indicating a lack of lignin. XRD revealed increased crystallinity in delignified bamboo. Further pyrolysis analysis of treated and untreated bamboo showed that, although the pyrolysis stage of the delignified bamboo did not change, the maximum thermal degradation rate (Rmax) and its corresponding temperature (from 353.78 to 315.62 °C) decreased significantly, indicating that the pyrolysis intensity of the bamboo was weakened after delignification. Overall, this study showed that delignified bamboo develops loose surfaces, increased pores, and noticeable fibres, indicating that alkali-treated bamboo has promising application potential due to its novel and specific functionalities.

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Functionalized wood as bio-based advanced materials: Properties, applications, and challenges

Cited by 34 publications

References 147 publications

Programmable and Shape–Color Synchronous Dual-Response Wood with Thermal Stimulus

Programmable and Shape–Color Synchronous Dual-Response Wood with Thermal Stimulus

Functionalizing natural wood and delignified wood into bio-adsorbents for removal of heavy metals in water

Changes in Chemical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo after Delignification Treatment

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