Functionalized MoS₂ Nanovehicle with Near‐Infrared Laser‐Mediated Nitric Oxide Release and Photothermal Activities for Advanced Bacteria‐Infected Wound Therapy

Abstract

The rising dangers of bacterial infections have created an urgent need for the development of a new generation of antibacterial nanoagents and therapeutics. A new near‐infrared 808 nm laser‐mediated nitric oxide (NO)‐releasing nanovehicle (MoS2‐BNN6) is reported through the simple assembly of α‐cyclodextrin‐modified MoS2 nanosheets with a heat‐sensitive NO donor N,N′‐di‐sec‐butyl‐N,N′‐dinitroso‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (BNN6) for the rapid and effective treatment of three typical Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria (ampicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli, heat‐resistant Escherichia faecalis, and pathogen Staphylococcus aureus). This MoS2‐BNN6 nanovehicle has good biocompatibility and can be captured by bacteria to increase opportunities of NO diffusion to the bacterial surface. Once stimulated by 808 nm laser irradiation, the MoS2‐BNN6 nanovehicle not only exhibits photothermal therapy (PTT) efficacy but also can precisely control NO release, generating oxidative/nitrosative stress. The temperature‐enhanced catalytic function of MoS2 induced by 808 nm laser irradiation simultaneously accelerates the oxidation of glutathione. This acceleration disrupts the balance of antioxidants, ultimately resulting in significant DNA damage to the bacteria. Within 10 min, the MoS2‐BNN6 with enhanced PTT/NO synergetic antibacterial function achieves >97.2% inactivation of bacteria. The safe synergetic therapy strategy can also effectively repair wounds through the formation of collagen fibers and elimination of inflammation during tissue reconstruction.

Emerging Delivery Strategies of Carbon Monoxide for Therapeutic Applications: from CO Gas to CO Releasing Nanomaterials

“…Therefore, the design and synthesis of intelligent CO releasing systems with the capability to deliver a therapeutic level of CO to disease sites with minimum or no side effects are highly desirable. Recently, nanotechnology has been introduced for the construction of multifunctional gas releasing platforms, which has greatly promoted the development of gas‐based therapeutics in the biomedical field . This review mainly summarizes the recent advances of CO releasing nanomaterials with an emphasis on their therapeutic potential effects.…”

Size‐Transformable Metal–Organic Framework–Derived Nanocarbons for Localized Chemo‐Photothermal Bacterial Ablation and Wound Disinfection

“…Therefore, developing antibacterial materials with multiple bactericidal approaches is extremely important in current antibacterial research works . Compared with many multiple therapeutic methods, the chemo‐photothermal therapies possess distinct advantages, such as convenient disinfection operation and high treatment efficiency, which have already been utilized for antitumor applications .…”

A multifunctional platform with single-NIR-laser-triggered photothermal and NO release for synergistic therapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and their biofilms

“…deep tissue penetration, little light absorption and spatiotemporal controllability [14]. Moreover, localized NIR irradiation can promote blood circulation and relieve inflammation of tissues [15], which is beneficial for wound healing. Up to now, various types of photothermal nanomaterials have been explored for applications in the antibacterial therapy, including carbon-based nanoparticles [9,16], metal nanoparticles [12,17] and polymeric nanoparticles [10,18].…”