No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Interface engineering holds huge potential for enabling exceptional physical properties in heterostructure materials via tuning properties at the atomic level. In this study, a heterostructure built by a new redox stable semiconductor SrFe 0.75 Ti 0.25 O 3−δ (SFT) and an ionic conductor Sm 0.25 Ce 0.75 O 2 (SDC) is reported. The SFT−SDC heterostructure exhibits a high ionic conductivity >0.1 S/cm at 520 °C, which is 1 order of magnitude higher than that of bulk SDC. When it was applied into the fuel cell, the SFT−SDC can realize favorable electrolyte functionality and result in an excellent power density of 920 mW cm −2 at 520 °C. The prepared SFT−SDC heterostructure materials possess both electronic and ionic conduction, where electron states modulate local electrical field to facilitate ion transport. Further investigations to calculate the structure and electronic structure/state of SFT and SDC are done using density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the reconstruction of the energy band at interfaces is responsible for such enhanced ionic conductivity and cell power output. The current study about the perovskite-based heterostructure presents a novel strategy for developing advanced ceramic fuel cells. KEYWORDS: heterostructure, SrFe 0.75 Ti 0.25 O 3-δ -Sm 0.25 Ce 0.75 O 2−δ (SFT−SDC), ionic conduction, band structure, built-in field

Based on the host–guest interaction between anchored Noria and the amine monomer, high-performance nanofiltration membranes with nanostrand-hybrid morphology were fabricated.

An SOFC using semiconductor TiO2 thin film as an electrolyte was designed using the energy band theory to prevent short-circuiting problem.

No abstract

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) plays an important inhibitory role in anti-tumor responses, so it is considered as a powerful candidate gene for individual’s genetic susceptibility to cancer. Recently, some epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between PD-1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. However, the results of the studies are conflicting. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed. We identified all studies reporting the relationship between PD-1 polymorphisms and cancers by electronically searches. According to the inclusion criteria and the quality assessment of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), only high quality studies were included. A total of twelve relevant studies involving 5,206 cases and 5,174 controls were recruited. For PD-1.5 (rs2227981) polymorphism, significantly decreased cancer risks were obtained among overall population, Asians subgroup and population-based subgroup both in TT vs. CC and TT vs. CT+CC genetic models. In addition, a similar result was also found in T vs. C allele for overall population. However, there were no significant associations between either PD-1.9 (rs2227982) or PD-1 rs7421861 polymorphisms and cancer risks in all genetic models and alleles. For PD-1.3 (rs11568821) polymorphism, we found different cancer susceptibilities between GA vs. GG and AA vs. AG+GG genetic models, and no associations between AA vs. GG, AA+AG vs. GG genetic models or A vs. G allele and cancer risks. In general, our results firstly indicated that PD-1.5 (rs2227981) polymorphism is associated a strongly decreased risk of cancers. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings.