Functionalization of Microstructured Open-Porous Bioceramic Scaffolds with Human Fetal Bone Cells

Abstract

Bone substitute materials permissive for trans-scaffold migration and in-scaffold survival of human bone-derived cells are mandatory to develop cell-engineered permanent implants to repair bone defects. In this study, we evaluated the influence on human bone-derived cells of the material composition and microstructure of foam scaffolds made from calcium aluminate using a direct foaming method allowing wide-range tailoring of the microstructure for pore size and pore openings. Human fetal osteoblasts attached to the scaffolds, migrated across the entire materials depending on the scaffold pore size, colonized and survived in the porous material for at least 6 weeks. The long-term biocompatibility of the scaffold material for human cells was evidenced by in scaffold determination of cell metabolic activity using a modified MTT assay, a repeated WST-1 assay and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, we demonstrated that the fetal cells can be covalently bound to the scaffolds using biocompatible click chemistry, thus enhancing the rapid adhesion of the cells to the scaffolds. Thus, the different microstructures of the foams influenced the migratory potential of the cells, but not cell viability, and the scaffolds were permissive for covalent biocompatible chemical binding of the cells to the materials, allowing either localized or widespread cellularization of the scaffolds for cell-engineered implants.

Holistic Approach of Swiss Fetal Progenitor Cell Banking: Optimizing Safe and Sustainable Substrates for Regenerative Medicine and Biotechnology

“…Phenotypic maturation in vivo was shown to not carry the immune privileges of therapeutic FPCs in rodent models (Hausherr et al, 2017). Chemical functionalization (e.g., click chemistry, bioorthogonal chemical reactions, covalent binding) of therapeutic cell surfaces allows optimal conjugation with bioengineered scaffolds, while maintaining and optimizing cellular viability, adhesion, persistence, and function (Borcard et al, 2011(Borcard et al, , 2012Comas et al, 2012;Krauss Juillerat et al, 2012). Optimal mechanical properties and efficient vascularization capacity of implanted constructs are essential, while biodegradable hydrogels may enable local cell maintenance (Tenorio et al, 2011;Amini et al, 2012).…”

Strategies for cell membrane functionalization

“…Indeed, azides, alkynes, thiols and methacryloyls have been successfully incorporated into cell surface glycans, [44][45][46][47] amino acids 15,28,48,49 and lipids, 50 with applications that include the selective killing of cells, 51 drug conjugation, 46 cell-surface click gelation 52 and artificial adhesion to 2D or 3D substrates. 15,45 Metabolic labeling and bio-orthogonal strategies still suffer from limitations associated with tightly regulated biosynthetic pathways (more of an issue for amino acids than glycans), interference from specific metabolic pathways (a particular issue with ketone labeling), cytotoxicity arising from certain mediators (such as copper ions in certain azide-alkyne reactions) and the necessity to include a compatible, ''clickable'' functional group on the secondary reactive species. 53 Most of these issues can be overcome with careful experimental design, and metabolic labeling coupled with bio-orthogonal bioconjugate chemistry remains an elegant approach to cell Metabolic labeling can be used to present reactive groups that can bind a secondary species (yellow).…”

Synthesis, structural, mechanical, and in vitro evaluations of NiFe2O4/ZrO2 composites

“…Hydroxyapatite [HAP, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ], β ‐tricalcium phosphate [ β ‐TCP, β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ], and bioglass are scaled as bioactive while the major bioinert components are zirconia [ZrO 2 ] and alumina [Al 2 O 3 ] . Recent years demonstrated a major shift toward the application of bioceramics in the treatment of osteosarcoma . Imparting magnetic feature in bioceramics, commonly termed as magnetic bioceramics is recently established as an important topic.…”

“…[1][2][3] Recent years demonstrated a major shift toward the application of bioceramics in the treatment of osteosarcoma. 4 Imparting magnetic feature in bioceramics, commonly termed as magnetic bioceramics is recently established as an important topic. Handful of investigations have been already reported in this research area that aims to deliver dual features of magnetic property and appropriate biocompatibility to treat bone tumors.…”