Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Organic Ligands toward Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with organic ligands to prepare personalized nanomedicine has attracted tremendous attention in biomedical applications. These organic/MNP nanohybrid platforms not only can exert the superparamagnetic property of MNPs for diagnosis imaging and treatment, but are also endowed with the merits of organic ligands for improved tumor‐targeting ability, blood circulation time, and cellular uptake. Flexibly manipulating the interactions between different inorganic ligands and MNPs to establish a single MNP matrix or multiple MNP assemblies presents advanced strategies in controlling their composition and chemical–physical and biological properties for various biomedical applications. Beginning with a brief introduction to a variety of strategies for the efficient functionalization of MNPs with various organic ligands, herein, the recent progress in the development and biomedical applications of the different types of nanoplatforms of organic ligand–mediated MNPs is briefly introduced, including diagnosis, therapy, imaging‐guided therapy, and drug delivery. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges for next‐generation high‐performance organic ligand–functionalized MNP nanoplatforms are also discussed.

Oxygen-Generating Organic/Inorganic Self-Assembled Nanocolloids for Tumor-Activated Dual-Model Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy

“…SPIONs, as a commonly found type of inorganic nanoparticle, have been increasingly studied due to their superparamagnetic features and excellent safety profile. , SPIONs have been utilized in various applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, magnetic separation, and hyperthermia treatments. , In addition, they have also been employed to facilitate the decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into O 2 through the Fenton reaction. , The utilization of synthetic organic polymer ligands to modify the structure of SPIONs has presented promising possibilities for developing customized nanomedicine, which can be effectively applied in the field of biomedicine. , The combination of organic/SPIONs nanosystems offers a plethora of benefits, including the ability to leverage the dominant features of SPIONs for MR imaging-guided therapy and self-supplying oxygen. Additionally, these nanosystems possess superiorities afforded by polymer ligands, such as improved stability, loading efficiency, targeting effect, and enhanced cellular uptake.…”

“…32,33 The utilization of synthetic organic polymer ligands to modify the structure of SPIONs has presented promising possibilities for developing customized nanomedicine, which can be effectively applied in the field of biomedicine. 34,35 The combination of organic/SPIONs nanosystems offers a plethora of benefits, including the ability to leverage the dominant features of SPIONs for MR imagingguided therapy and self-supplying oxygen. Additionally, these nanosystems possess superiorities afforded by polymer ligands, such as improved stability, loading efficiency, targeting effect, and enhanced cellular uptake.…”

Ag10Cu16 nanoclusters with triple-ligand protection: total structure and electronic structure analysis

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The past decades have thus witnessed great effort to engineer interfaces of metal nanostructures by introducing diverse organic ligands, so as to tailor their physico-chemical properties. [8][9][10][11][12] The welldocumented ligands for modifying metal nanocrystals include amine, thiol, phosphine, carboxylate and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). [13][14][15][16][17][18] Of particular interest in recent studies of tailoring interfaces of metal nanoparticles is the introduction of multiple ligands, which feature distinct bonding modes, stereochemistry, and electronic effects.…”

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dynamic Imaging and Therapy

“…Engineering multifunctional magnetic particles is the key requirement to achieve desired biomedical applications. [ 9–11 ] In the past 20 years, MNPs have received increasing attention due to their unique structural, behavioral, and diversified applicable attributes such as unique magnetic properties along with tunable size, high chemical stability with an enhanced surface area, functional surface with different molecules, and biocompatibility with various cell types. Specifically, the MNPs have been intensively utilized in custom research fields for their particular characteristics such as superparamagnetism, high magnetic susceptibility, and inductive magnetic moment that can be controlled by an external magnetic field for the magnetotransduction of the MNPs.…”

“…Engineering multifunctional magnetic particles is the key requirement to achieve desired biomedical applications. [9][10][11] In the past 20 years, MNPs have received increasing attention…”