Functionalization of graphene using deep eutectic solvents

Hayyan, Maan; Abo-Hamad, Ali; AlSaadi, Mohammed Abdulhakim; Hashim, Mohd Ali

doi:10.1186/s11671-015-1004-2

Cited by 198 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The Raman spectra of the investigated samples are given in Figure 3. The Raman spectra of the two samples are consistent with the one defined in the literature for graphene and graphite [54][55][56]. The assignment is made according to data given in [56].…”

Section: Raman Spectra Of Working Electrodessupporting

confidence: 73%

“…It was confirmed that this shift was not due to pure non calibration of the instrument. As indicated by Ferrari [55], a pronounced shift is particularly expected for the 2D band with an increasing number of the graphene layers. Thus, it can be concluded that these materials are different if the ratio between the integrated intensities of the D and G bands I D /I G for the two materials is calculated.…”

Section: Raman Spectra Of Working Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Comparative Electroanalytical Studies of Graphite Flake and Multilayer Graphene Paste Electrodes

Festinger

Morawska

Ivanovski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, the fabrication, surface characterisation and electrochemical properties of graphite flake (GFPE) and multilayer graphene (MLGPE) paste electrodes are described. The Raman investigations and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze and compare structure of both carbon materials. The electroanalytical performance of both electrodes was examined and compared on the basis of the square-wave and cyclic voltammetric behavior of acetaminophen and model redox systems. Results of those studies revealed that GFPE has a larger electroactive surface area and better conductive properties, whilst MLGPE demonstrate better analytical characteristic in case of acetaminophen (AC) determination. AC determination was developed using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). For both working electrodes, the process of accumulation enabled us to obtain an extended linear range and to lower the detection limit. In pharmaceutical formulations, AC was determined with good recovery.Sensors 2020, 20, 1684 2 of 15 anisotropic thermal conductivity, with high conductivity in the horizontal direction and low thermal conductivity in the vertical direction [20]. Graphite flakes have found application in electrochemistry as, for instance, a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries [21]. GFs have unique features, including excellent strength and high fracture toughness [22]. Furthermore, the layered graphite structure and weak forces between the layers lead to the possibility of easily refreshing the surface of a paste electrode made of graphite flakes. These properties make graphite flake a promising electrode material [23].Recently, graphene is considered the material of the "rising star" and has received attention due to its unique properties. This form of carbon is considered as a prototype of two-dimensional carbon system and all other dimensionalities [5,24,25]. Graphene can be wrapped into fullerenes (0D), rolled into carbon nanotubes (1D), or used to create graphite (3D) [24]. The development of knowledge related to graphene led to the creation of graphene-based materials. Multilayer graphene (MLG) is a 2D nanomaterial composed of stacked monolayers of graphene. Importantly, both MLG and GNP (graphene nanoplatelets) are composed of graphene layers arranged on top of each other. However, they differ in the number of layers and properties. The number of graphene layers in GNP is greater than 10, while that in MLG varies from 11 to 21 [26]. Experiments show that for model redox systems there is no strong correlation between the flake thickness and the electron transfer rate [27]. However, a higher electron transfer was achieved for flakes consisting of less than 20 graphene layers [27]. The properties of MLG are more similar to those of graphene than to those of graphite [26], and thus make MLG a promising material for the fabrication of carbon paste electrodes.Acetaminophen (AC) is very commonly used in many diseases and pain treatment. Because of its antipyretic and analge...

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Section: Raman Spectra Of Working Electrodessupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Raman Spectra Of Working Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Comparative Electroanalytical Studies of Graphite Flake and Multilayer Graphene Paste Electrodes

Festinger

Morawska

Ivanovski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…In addition, DES presented vibrational bands at 2938 cm −1 and 2875 cm −1 referring to C−H stretching, 1478 cm −1 to the CH 2 bending of an alkyl group, and 1084 cm −1 , 1036 cm −1 , and 882 cm −1 to functional groups, namely C−O stretching, C−C−O asymmetric stretching, and C−C−O symmetric stretching. 41 These results indicated the successful synthesis of ChCl:ethylene glycol DES.…”

Section: Characterization Of Chcl:ethylene Glycol Desmentioning

confidence: 82%

Vortex-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Analysis of Alkyl Gallates in Vegetable Oils

Çabuk

Yılmaz

Yıldız

2019

ACSi

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This study investigates the feasibility of using hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent (DES) as green and effective extractant for the extraction and preconcentration of alkyl gallates from vegetable oils. In a typical experiment, 120 µL of choline chloride:ethylene glycol DES was added to 1.0 g of oil sample which was previously diluted with 1 mL of n-hexane. The extraction was accelerated by vortex stirring of the two phases. At this stage, hydrogen bonding interactions between the phenyl hydroxyls of alkyl gallates and chloride anion of choline salt were likely the main forces driving the extraction. After extraction, the analytes in the DES phase were separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method detection limits for propyl gallate and octyl gallate were 2.1 and 4.6 µg kg -1 , respectively. The precision of the method varied between 4.6-6.4% (intra-day) and 5.4-7.5% (inter-day). The recoveries (accuracies) obtained from spiked vegetable oil samples were in the range of 78-106%.

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“…The use of traditional functionalization agents can cause side effects to the CNT surface and this will lower its performance. Therefore, the need for new environmentally friendly functionalization agent is crucial …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the need for new environmentally friendly functionalization agent is crucial. 21,22 Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a type of the ionic liquid analogy. The DESs are used as the ionic liquid (ILs) replacement as they are cheaper and environmentally friendly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury removal from water using deep eutectic solvents‐functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes: Nonlinear autoregressive network with an exogenous input neural network approach

Fiyadh

AlSaadi

Jaafar

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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This work presents the experimental and modeling process for mercury ions removal from water using functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotube as adsorbent. The modeling procedure has been carried out using nonlinear autoregressive network with an exogenous input (NARX) neural network modeling technique is used for modeling the adsorbent's adsorption capacity using different parameters based on experimental data. The effect of different parameters including mercury ions concentration, pH, amount of adsorbent dosage, and contact time is studied. Three kinetics models such as intraparticle diffusion, pseudo first‐order, and pseudo second order are applied using the experimental and predicted outputs, the pseudo second order was the best to describe. A sensitivity study is conducted using different parameters. Various indicators are applied to examine the accuracy and efficiency of the NARX model such are mean square error (MSE), root mean square error, relative root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, relative error (RE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The value of the maximum RE was 3.49%, the R2 was 0.9998, and the MSE was 4.28 × 10−6. Based on the used indicators, the NARX model was capable to predict the adsorbent's adsorption capacity by comparing the NARX model outputs to the experimental results.

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Functionalization of graphene using deep eutectic solvents

Cited by 198 publications

References 81 publications

Comparative Electroanalytical Studies of Graphite Flake and Multilayer Graphene Paste Electrodes

Comparative Electroanalytical Studies of Graphite Flake and Multilayer Graphene Paste Electrodes

Vortex-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Analysis of Alkyl Gallates in Vegetable Oils

Mercury removal from water using deep eutectic solvents‐functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes: Nonlinear autoregressive network with an exogenous input neural network approach

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