In the study, there have been examined the mechanisms of external respiration changes in 20 healthy young men living in Western Siberia during an autumn and winter air temperature fall. Spirography and measuring of the lung volumes were performed in a warm room and after a 30 minutes stay in the open air in natural conditions, when the air temperature was from 0 ° to -30 °C at different times. It has been discovered that under the inspiratory air temperature fall, the tidal volumes also decreased. That raised dilution of the inspiratory air in warm alveolar gas and stabilized temperature in the lungs respiratory regions. At the same time, a decrease in the tidal volume led to a decrease in minute ventilation and alveolar oxygen partial pressure in the alveoli. The latter was compensated by an increase in the lung respiratory regions airiness, which increased ventilation efficiency and the lung diffusion capacity. Therefore, the homeostatic respiratory function and thermoregulation were coordinated.